Table 1 Grading system for anaphylaxis (modified from[11])

1 (mild): skin and subcutaneous tissue only

Generalized urticaria and/or angioedema (e.g. periorbital oedema, lip oedema)

2 (moderate): features suggesting respiratory, cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal involvement

Dyspnoea, chest or throat tightness, stridor, wheeze, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, tachycardia, dizziness (presyncope)

3 (severe): hypoxia, hypotension and neurological compromise

Cyanosis, hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg in adults), confusion, collapse, loss of consciousness, loss of sphincter control (incontinence)