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Table 1 Alternate Diagnoses to Consider in Difficult-to-Control Asthmatic Patients

From: The Difficult-to-Control Asthmatic: A Systematic Approach

Hyperventilation

Vocal cord dysfunction

Cardiac asthma/congestive heart failure

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Gastroesophageal/supraesophageal reflux disease

Restrictive lung disease

Sleep apnea

Cystic fibrosis

Endobronchial lesions