From: Primary Prevention of Allergic Diseases: Current Concepts and Mechanisms
No. in Figure 1 | Principle | Target | Mechanism | Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Inhibition of Th2 cytokine synthesis | Transcription factors of Th2 cytokines | Inhibition of synthesis of transcription factors on the level of transcription | Imiquimod/resiquimod ODN decoys |
 |  |  | Inhibition of synthesis of transcription factors on the level of translation | Antisense ODN siRNA |
2 | Â | Protein kinases of signal transduction cascade | Inhibition of signal transduction cascade following activation of TCR and/or costimulatory receptor molecules | Inhibitors of ERK, MEK 1/2 |
 |  |  | Inhibition of signal transduction cascade on the way to synthesis of costimulatory receptor molecules | Inhibitors of ICOS-inducing protein kinases |
3 | Induction of Th1 immune response | Pattern recognition receptors on APCs | Activation of TLR-2 | Mycobacterial antigens |
 |  |  | Activation of TLR-9 | CpG motifs |
 |  |  | Activation of TLR-4 | Lipopolysaccharides |
 |  |  | ? | Probiotics |
4 | Induction of tolerance-inducing Tregs | Transcription factors of regulatory cytokines? | Induction of Foxp3, TGF-β and IL-10 | SIT Parasites |