Skip to main content

Table 3 Adjusted HR of asthma according to weight class by race, age, and sex

From: Interacting effects of obesity, race, ethnicity and sex on the incidence and control of adult-onset asthma

  

BMI (kg/m2)

P for trend

P for interaction

No. of cases

<25

25.0–29.9

30.0–34.9

35.0–39.9

40.0–49.9

≥50

Ref

HR

95 % CI

HR

95 % CI

HR

95 % CI

HR

95 % CI

HR

95 % CI

All ages

140,403

1.00

1.12

1.10, 1.14

1.37

1.35, 1.40

1.64

1.61, 1.68

1.97

1.92, 2.01

2.49

2.38, 2.60

<0.0001

–

 Age (years)

  18–39

41,812

1.00

1.03

1.00, 1.06

1.18

1.15, 1.22

1.34

1.30, 1.39

1.57

1.51, 1.64

1.89

1.75, 2.04

<0.0001

<0.001

  40–65

74,755

1.00

1.18

1.15, 1.20

1.46

1.42, 1.49

1.77

1.72, 1.82

2.17

2.11, 2.24

2.79

2.64, 2.94

<0.0001

 

  65+

23,836

1.00

1.25

1.21, 1.30

1.65

1.59, 1.72

2.11

2.01, 2.21

2.47

2.32, 2.63

3.52

3.05, 4.06

<0.0001

 

 Sex

  Male

51,018

1.00

1.07

1.04, 1.10

1.26

1.23, 1.30

1.50

1.45, 1.56

1.78

1.70, 1.85

2.19

2.01, 2.39

<0.0001

<0.001

  Female

89,385

1.00

1.14

1.12, 1.16

1.43

1.40, 1.46

1.71

1.67, 1.75

2.05

2.00, 2.10

2.59

2.47, 2.72

<0.0001

 

 Race/ethnicity

  Non-Hispanic White

73,049

1.00

1.13

1.10, 1.15

1.38

1.35, 1.41

1.65

1.60, 1.69

1.99

1.93, 2.05

2.55

2.40, 2.70

<0.0001

<0.001

  Hispanic

28,386

1.00

1.07

1.03, 1.11

1.29

1.24, 1.34

1.59

1.53, 1.67

1.90

1.81, 2.00

2.29

2.08, 2.53

<0.0001

 

  Black

16,855

1.00

1.01

0.96, 1.06

1.22

1.16, 1.28

1.41

1.33, 1.49

1.69

1.59, 1.79

2.04

1.85, 2.24

<0.0001

 

  Asian

14,623

1.00

1.23

1.19, 1.28

1.62

1.54, 1.70

2.08

1.93, 2.25

2.34

2.09, 2.62

4.45

3.39, 5.83

<0.0001

 

  Pacific Islander

2332

1.00

1.00

0.88, 1.13

1.21

1.07, 1.38

1.39

1.20, 1.61

1.44

1.22, 1.69

2.07

1.60, 2.68

<0.0001

 

  American Indian/American native

994

1.00

1.13

0.92, 1.38

1.32

1.07, 1.63

1.58

1.25, 1.99

2.14

1.68, 2.72

2.61

1.78, 3.82

<0.0001

 

  Other/unknown

4164

1.00

1.08

1.00, 1.18

1.32

1.20, 1.45

1.56

1.39, 1.75

1.95

1.71, 2.23

2.42

1.82, 3.21

<0.0001

 

Men only

 Age (years)

  18–39

15,196

1.00

0.98

0.94, 1.02

1.10

1.05, 1.15

1.20

1.13, 1.28

1.39

1.29, 1.50

1.66

1.43, 1.93

<0.0001

<0.001

  40–65

26,659

1.00

1.13

1.08, 1.17

1.35

1.29, 1.41

1.63

1.55, 1.72

1.96

1.84, 2.08

2.48

2.22, 2.78

<0.0001

 

  65+

9163

1.00

1.20

1.13, 1.28

1.50

1.41, 1.61

1.96

1.80, 2.13

2.46

2.19, 2.77

3.29

2.38, 4.55

<0.0001

 

 Race/ethnicity

  Non-Hispanic White

27,157

1.00

1.09

1.05, 1.13

1.28

1.23, 1.33

1.54

1.46, 1.61

1.85

1.75, 1.96

2.17

1.92, 2.45

<0.0001

<0.001

  Hispanic

9889

1.00

0.97

0.90, 1.03

1.13

1.06, 1.21

1.39

1.28, 1.50

1.61

1.46, 1.77

1.84

1.51, 2.23

<0.0001

 

  Black

5091

1.00

0.95

0.87, 1.03

1.11

1.01, 1.21

1.16

1.04, 1.29

1.39

1.23, 1.57

1.68

1.35, 2.09

<0.0001

 

  Asian

5731

1.00

1.20

1.13, 1.28

1.56

1.44, 1.69

2.14

1.89, 2.42

2.18

1.79, 2.66

4.41

2.81, 6.95

<0.0001

 

  Pacific Islander

916

1.00

0.99

0.80, 1.22

1.12

0.90, 1.40

1.20

0.93, 1.55

1.25

0.94, 1.66

2.08

1.41, 3.08

<0.0001

 

  AIAN

304

1.00

0.83

0.58, 1.18

1.00

0.69, 1.45

1.30

0.85, 1.97

1.62

1.00, 2.61

2.55

1.19, 5.45

<0.0001

 

  Other/unknown

1930

1.00

1.04

0.92, 1.18

1.19

1.03, 1.37

1.38

1.15, 1.66

1.74

1.39, 2.18

3.55

2.36, 5.34

<0.0001

 

Women only

 Age (years)

  18–39

26,616

1.00

1.05

1.02, 1.09

1.23

1.19, 1.27

1.42

1.36, 1.48

1.66

1.58, 1.74

1.99

1.83, 2.18

<0.0001

<0.001

  40–65

48,096

1.00

1.19

1.16, 1.22

1.51

1.47, 1.55

1.82

1.77, 1.89

2.25

2.17, 2.33

2.88

2.71, 3.07

<0.0001

 

  65+

14,673

1.00

1.27

1.22, 1.34

1.74

1.66, 1.83

2.18

2.05, 2.32

2.48

2.30, 2.67

3.60

3.06, 4.22

<0.0001

 

 Race/ethnicity

  Non-Hispanic White

45,892

1.00

1.14

1.11, 1.17

1.44

1.40, 1.48

1.70

1.65, 1.76

2.05

1.97, 2.12

2.68

2.51, 2.87

<0.0001

<0.001

  Hispanic

18,497

1.00

1.11

1.06, 1.16

1.36

1.30, 1.42

1.68

1.59, 1.77

2.01

1.89, 2.13

2.46

2.20, 2.76

<0.0001

 

  Black

11,764

1.00

1.04

0.98, 1.11

1.29

1.21, 1.37

1.53

1.43, 1.64

1.82

1.69, 1.95

2.18

1.96, 2.43

<0.0001

 

  Asian

8892

1.00

1.26

1.20, 1.32

1.65

1.55, 1.76

2.05

1.86, 2.25

2.42

2.10, 2.78

4.44

3.17, 6.23

<0.0001

 

  Pacific Islander

1416

1.00

0.99

0.85, 1.16

1.26

1.07, 1.49

1.51

1.25, 1.81

1.55

1.26, 1.90

2.04

1.44, 2.88

<0.0001

 

  AIAN

690

1.00

1.29

1.01, 1.64

1.48

1.15, 1.91

1.71

1.29, 2.26

2.37

1.78, 3.14

2.73

1.75, 4.26

<0.0001

 

  Other/unknown

2234

1.00

1.10

0.99, 1.24

1.43

1.26, 1.62

1.69

1.46, 1.97

2.09

1.77, 2.47

1.86

1.26, 2.77

<0.0001

 

 Oral contraceptives (women only)

  Yes

32,399

1.00

1.09

1.06, 1.12

1.34

1.30, 1.38

1.54

1.48,1.60

1.80

1.72,1.88

2.06

1.89, 2.24

<0.0001

<0.001

  No

56,986

1.00

1.19

1.16, 1.21

1.51

1.47, 1.55

1.84

1.78,1.89

2.23

2.16, 2.30

2.97

2.80, 3.15

<0.0001

 
  1. Hazard ratios were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, Pacific Islander, AIAN, other or unknown), insurance through government health care assistance programs (yes/no), neighborhood education level (continuous probability of education below high school), oral contraceptive use (yes/no), and site (Denver Health, Group Health Cooperative, HealthPartners and seven Kaiser Permanente regions). Tests of linear trend across weight category were conducted by considering weight category as a continuous variable in the multivariate model
  2. CI confidence intervals; HR hazard ratios; AIAN American Indian/Alaskan Native
Back to article page

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology

ISSN: 1710-1492

Contact us