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Table 4 Adjusted odds ratio of poorly controlled asthma with or without high AMR and high-risk asthma

From: Interacting effects of obesity, race, ethnicity and sex on the incidence and control of adult-onset asthma

  

BMI (kg/m2)

P for trend

P for interaction

No. of cases

<25

25.0–29.9

30.0–34.9

35.0–39.9

40.0–49.9

≥50

Ref

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

Poorly controlled asthma (any AMR)

 All ages

3083

1.00

0.97

0.87, 1.08

1.03

0.91, 1.15

1.13

0.99, 1.29

1.13

0.97, 1.31

1.46

1.13, 1.88

0.001

–

 Age (years)

  18–39

721

1.00

1.17

0.96, 1.43

1.15

0.92, 1.44

1.30

0.99, 1.70

1.17

0.85, 1.59

0.85

0.43, 1.68

0.268

<0.001

  40–65

1842

1.00

0.91

0.78, 1.05

1.00

0.86, 1.17

1.04

0.87, 1.24

1.13

0.93, 1.37

1.42

1.04, 1.94

0.005

 

  65+

520

1.00

0.85

0.65, 1.10

0.87

0.66, 1.15

1.17

0.85, 1.61

0.87

0.57, 1.35

3.24

1.75, 6.01

0.076

 

 Sex

  Male

1367

1.00

1.03

0.87, 1.22

1.12

0.93, 1.34

1.27

1.03, 1.58

1.26

0.98, 1.63

1.48

0.92, 2.38

0.002

0.695

  Female

1716

1.00

0.94

0.82, 1.08

0.97

0.84, 1.13

1.06

0.89, 1.26

1.07

0.88, 1.28

1.44

1.07, 1.95

0.039

 

 Race/ethnicity

  Non-Hispanic White

1845

1.00

1.02

0.89, 1.17

0.94

0.81, 1.09

1.05

0.89, 1.25

1.10

0.90, 1.33

1.27

0.90, 1.79

0.264

0.055

  Hispanic

459

1.00

0.86

0.63, 1.16

1.05

0.77, 1.44

1.16

0.82, 1.64

1.18

0.80, 1.76

1.73

0.90, 3.33

0.017

 

  Black

375

1.00

0.64

0.44, 0.92

0.94

0.66, 1.33

1.00

0.69, 1.47

0.92

0.61, 1.38

1.38

0.77, 2.48

0.057

 

  Asian/PI/AIANa

293

1.00

1.05

0.77, 1.42

1.45

1.03, 2.04

1.41

0.89, 2.25

1.02

0.50, 2.06

2.86

1.20, 6.82

0.018

 

  Other/unknown

111

1.00

1.14

0.65, 1.98

1.23

0.67, 2.27

1.52

0.75, 3.07

1.31

0.56, 3.07

–

–

0.477

 

Poorly controlled asthma with high AMRb

 All ages

758

1.00

1.12

0.90, 1.41

1.21

0.95, 1.53

1.26

0.95, 1.65

1.25

0.92, 1.71

2.08

1.31, 3.31

0.009

–

 Age (years)

  18–39

124

1.00

1.39

0.84, 2.28

1.65

0.97, 2.81

1.55

0.81, 2.99

0.84

0.34, 2.08

1.24

0.29, 5.31

0.572

0.075

  40–65

508

1.00

1.14

0.85, 1.52

1.21

0.89, 1.64

1.18

0.83, 1.68

1.48

1.03, 2.14

2.32

1.36, 3.95

0.005

 

  65+

126

1.00

0.86

0.52, 1.44

0.89

0.51, 1.56

1.28

0.69, 2.39

0.52

0.18, 1.53

2.03

0.47, 8.82

0.812

 

 Sex

  Male

314

1.00

1.33

0.92, 1.94

1.23

0.82, 1.85

1.53

0.96, 2.43

1.52

0.88, 2.64

2.48

1.03, 5.97

0.054

0.502

  Female

444

1.00

1.00

0.75, 1.33

1.22

0.91, 1.64

1.12

0.79, 1.58

1.13

0.77, 1.64

1.87

1.08, 3.24

0.076

 

 Race/ethnicity

  Non-Hispanic White

461

1.00

1.31

0.98, 1.75

1.17

0.86, 1.60

1.12

0.78, 1.62

1.39

0.94, 2.04

2.15

1.19, 3.87

0.141

0.357

  Hispanic

106

1.00

0.81

0.42, 1.57

1.19

0.62, 2.28

1.20

0.58, 2.49

1.27

0.57, 2.87

1.33

0.30, 5.96

0.171

 

  Black

82

1.00

0.75

0.33, 1.68

1.06

0.49, 2.31

1.24

0.55, 2.81

0.78

0.31, 2.00

1.20

0.32, 4.53

0.615

 

  Asian/PI/AIANa

80

1.00

0.92

0.52, 1.62

1.26

0.66, 2.42

1.68

0.73, 3.84

0.46

0.06, 3.48

6.22

1.76, 21.94

0.098

 

  Other/unknown

29

1.00

1.14

0.35, 3.71

1.96

0.59, 6.47

2.48

0.65, 9.51

0.85

0.09, 7.74

–

–

0.395

 

High-risk asthma

 All ages

17,204

1.00

1.03

0.98, 1.08

1.17

1.11, 1.24

1.30

1.23, 1.38

1.37

1.29, 1.47

1.63

1.45, 1.84

<0.0001

–

 Age (years)

  18–39

4998

1.00

0.93

0.86, 1.01

1.04

0.95, 1.14

1.13

1.01, 1.26

1.35

1.20, 1.51

1.60

1.30, 1.97

<0.0001

<0.001

  40–65

8986

1.00

1.11

1.03, 1.20

1.30

1.21, 1.41

1.48

1.35, 1.61

1.50

1.37, 1.65

1.68

1.44, 1.97

<0.0001

 

  65+

3220

1.00

1.06

0.95, 1.19

1.16

1.02, 1.31

1.25

1.08, 1.45

1.17

0.97, 1.40

1.84

1.25, 2.70

<0.0001

 

 Sex

  Male

5681

1.00

0.94

0.86, 1.02

1.10

1.01, 1.21

1.24

1.11, 1.38

1.28

1.12, 1.46

1.69

1.32, 2.16

<0.0001

<0.001

  Female

11,523

1.00

1.08

1.01, 1.14

1.20

1.13, 1.28

1.33

1.24, 1.43

1.41

1.31, 1.53

1.64

1.43, 1.87

<0.0001

 

 Race/ethnicity

  Non-Hispanic White

8776

1.00

1.04

0.97, 1.11

1.18

1.10, 1.27

1.34

1.23, 1.45

1.37

1.25, 1.51

1.69

1.43, 2.00

<0.0001

<0.001

  Hispanic

3666

1.00

0.90

0.81, 1.01

1.03

0.92, 1.16

1.18

1.04, 1.35

1.21

1.04, 1.40

1.20

0.90, 1.59

<0.0001

 

  Black

2412

1.00

0.88

0.76, 1.03

1.08

0.93, 1.26

1.04

0.88, 1.23

1.20

1.00, 1.42

1.48

1.14, 1.92

<0.0001

 

  Asian/PI/AIANa

2030

1.00

1.31

1.16, 1.48

1.45

1.25, 1.67

1.56

1.29, 1.89

1.91

1.50, 2.42

2.32

1.52, 3.56

<0.0001

 

  Other/unknown

320

1.00

0.74

0.54, 1.02

0.79

0.55, 1.13

1.27

0.85, 1.89

1.27

0.80, 2.01

1.26

0.48, 3.31

0.063

 
  1. ORs were estimated from logistic regression models adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, Black, Asian/PI/AIAN, or other/unknown), insurance through government health care assistance programs (yes/no), neighborhood education level (continuous probability of education below high school), oral contraceptive use (yes/no), and site (Denver Health, Group Health Cooperative, HealthPartners and seven Kaiser Permanente regions). Tests of linear trend across weight category were conducted by considering weight category as a continuous variable in the multivariate model
  2. AIAN American Indian/American Native; CI confidence interval; OR odds ratio; PI Pacific Islander
  3. aDue to sample size limitations, these groups were combined for the outcomes related to asthma control
  4. bSubgroup of poorly controlled asthma