Table 2 Epigenetic Studies of AD
Cell/tissue types | Epigenetic assay | Significant findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Monocytes | FCER1G methylation | Demethylation of FCER1G promoter leading to its overexpression in AD. | [57] |
Skin biopsies | TSLP methylation | Demethylation of TSLP promoter resulting in its over-expression in AD lesion. | [58] |
Skin biopsies | DNA methylation profiling | DNA methylation profiles are striking different in AD skin lesions as compared to healthy controls. | [59] |
Buccal cells | FLG methylation | Methylation of the FLG promoter does not affect gene expression and allergy. | [60] |
Whole blood | DNA methylation profiling | Methylation of one site cg07548383 in FLG is associated with increased AD risk. | [61] |
Skin biopsies | miRNA profiling | Up-regulation of 10 miRNA and down-regulation of 34 miRNAs in AD skin lesions as compared to healthy control skins. miR-155 overexpression was validated in T cells within skin lesion. Staphylococcal superantigens induce miR-155, it targets CTLA-4. | [63] |
Serum and urine | miRNA profiling | miR-203 and miR-485-5p were significantly up-regulated in serum of AD | [65] |