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Table 1 Comparison of study groups

From: Predictors of allergen sensitization in Singapore children from birth to 3 years

Demographics

Never sensitized at both M18 and M36

Sensitized at M18

New sensitization at M36 among children non-sensitized at M18

p value

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Sex

 Female

270 (48.7)

48 (41.7)

43 (45.7)

0.4

 Male

284 (51.3)

67 (58.3)

51 (54.3)

 

Ethnicity

 Chinese

305 (55.1)

66 (57.4)

62 (65.3)

0.049

 Malay

147 (26.5)

38 (33.0)

19 (20.0)

 

 Indian

102 (18.4)

11 (9.6)

14 (14.7)

 

No family history of allergy

184 (51.1)

35 (43.8)

24 (40.7)

0.2

Family history of allergy

176 (48.9)

45 (56.2)

35 (59.3)

 

Vaginal delivery

385 (69.5)

77 (67.0)

74 (79.6)

0.1

Non-vaginal delivery

169 (30.5)

38 (33.0)

19 (20.4)

 

Low breastfeeding

242 (45.2)

37 (33.9)

26 (29.2)

<0.01

Intermediate breastfeeding

227 (42.4)

55 (50.5)

55 (61.8)

 

High breastfeeding

66 (12.3)

17 (15.6)

8 (9.0)

 

No antibiotic consumption in the first 6 months

437 (84.2)

98 (89.1)

76 (88.4)

0.3

Antibiotic consumption in the first 6 months

82 (15.8)

12 (10.9)

10 (11.6)

 

No dog ownership at 12 months

281 (92.7)

55 (94.8)

57 (98.3)

0.3

Dog ownership at 12 months

22 (7.3)

3 (5.2)

1 (1.7)

 

Not staying near an expressway at 12 months

252 (83.4)

43 (74.1)

43 (74.1)

0.1

Staying near an expressway at 12 months

50 (16.6)

15 (25.9)

15 (25.9)

 

No exposure to smoke at 12 months

196 (64.3)

43 (72.9)

42 (72.4)

0.3

Exposure to smoke at 12 months

109 (35.7)

16 (27.1)

16 (27.6)

 

Maternal education levels ≤12 years

232 (42.2)

43 (37.7)

31 (33.3)

0.2

Maternal education levels >12 years

318 (57.8)

71 (62.3)

62 (66.7)