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Table 2 The relationship between select nutrients and asthma health measures by dietary tertiles in ARTIS where the lowest tertile of intake (T1) is the reference group

From: Dietary intake is associated with respiratory health outcomes and DNA methylation in children with asthma

Asthma health measure

dPFV

% Predicted morning FEV1

% Predicted evening FEV1

PAQLQ

Dietary factor

Estimate (95% CI)

q-value

Estimate (95% CI)

q-value

Estimate (95% CI)

q-value

Estimate (95% CI)

q-value

Kilocalories

 T3:T1

−3.18 (−11.41, 5.06)

0.80

13.09 (−4.04, 30.22)

0.61

4.18 (−14.08, 22.44)

0.87

0.62 (−0.25, 1.48)

0.68

 T2:T1

−0.50 (−8.78, 7.78)

0.98

0.83 (−13.94, 15.60)

0.98

7.04 (−8.31, 22.40)

0.76

−0.34 (−1.20, 0.51)

0.79

Protein

 T3:T1

−6.96 (−20.40, 6.48)

0.72

19.26 (0.48, 38.05)

0.33

10.96 (−2.58, 24.51)

0.55

0.70 (−0.16, 1.56)

0.55

 T2:T1

−3.42 (−14.56, 7.73)

0.83

6.31 (−8.30, 20.92)

0.77

1.14 (−12.42, 14.70)

0.97

0.59 (−0.09, 1.27)

0.51

M-fats

 T3:T1

−2.87 (−10.62, 4.87)

0.81

11.64 (−6.82, 30.11)

0.71

8.55 (−10.72, 27.81)

0.77

0.39 (−0.31, 1.09)

0.71

 T2:T1

−0.57 (−8.81, 7.67)

0.98

3.89 (−9.58, 17.36)

0.83

3.26 (−9.25, 15.77)

0.85

0.52 (−0.03, 1.07)

0.41

S-fats

 T3:T1

−3.99 (−15.87, 7.89)

0.83

16.85 (1.36, 32.35)

0.29

11.73 (0.65, 22.82)

0.33

−0.16 (−0.82, 0.50)

0.87

 T2:T1

−6.56 (−16.72, 3.59)

0.70

16.67 (2.96, 30.37)

0.28

10.19 (−0.41, 20.80)

0.41

−0.05 (−0.77, 0.67)

0.98

Omega 3:6 ratio

 T3:T1

−1.25 (−10.54, 8.03)

0.92

2.42 (−11.59, 16.44)

0.90

−0.39 (−13.84, 13.07)

1.00

−0.13 (−1.18, 0.93)

0.92

 T2:T1

−1.29 (−12.09, 9.51)

0.92

5.40 (−4.00, 14.80)

0.71

1.46 (−6.18, 9.10)

0.90

0.11 (−0.54, 0.75)

0.90

Selenium

 T3:T1

5.44 (−2.98, 13.86)

0.70

6.63 (−6.31, 19.56)

0.73

6.37 (−6.57, 19.30)

0.74

1.40 (0.90, 1.91)

0.01*

 T2:T1

2.52 (−4.56, 9.59)

0.82

0.20 (−14.11, 14.51)

1.00

2.91 (−12.96, 18.77)

0.90

−0.56 (−1.59, 0.47)

0.71

Fiber

 T3:T1

−0.39 (−9.02, 8.25)

0.99

7.75 (−5.27, 20.78)

0.71

5.86 (−8.02, 19.74)

0.77

0.66 (−0.52, 1.84)

0.71

 T2:T1

0.63 (−9.85, 11.11)

0.98

−5.36 (−17.98, 7.27)

0.77

−3.60 (−15.79, 8.59)

0.83

0.32 (−0.38, 1.02)

0.76

Folate

 T3:T1

−3.43 (−14.76, 7.89)

0.83

10.07 (−7.95, 28.09)

0.71

3.75 (−10.53, 18.02)

0.85

0.92 (0.31, 1.53)

0.11*

 T2:T1

−3.03 (−14.23, 8.17)

0.85

−0.03 (−17.50, 17.44)

1.00

−0.24 (−13.99, 13.50)

1.00

−0.25 (−0.83, 0.35)

0.78

Methionine

 T3:T1

−4.83 (−13.90, 4.24)

0.72

14.81 (−0.25, 29.88)

0.36

11.07 (−4.02, 26.17)

0.65

0.52 (−0.37, 1.41)

0.71

 T2:T1

1.87 (−7.53, 11.28)

0.90

5.22 (−12.12, 22.57)

0.83

7.29 (−10.16, 24.73)

0.77

−0.06 (−1.58, 1.46)

0.99

Free choline

 T3:T1

2.44 (−4.68, 9.56)

0.83

11.20 (−6.45, 28.86)

0.70

7.69 (−10.98, 26.36)

0.78

0.00 (−1.34, 1.34)

1.00

 T2:T1

5.35 (−3.47, 14.17)

0.71

−2.64 (14.74, 9.47)

0.88

−0.21 (−13.39, 12.97)

1.00

−0.31 (−1.26, 0.64)

0.83

Glycpp-choline

 T3:T1

2.84 (−5.75, 11.42)

0.83

−3.05 (−18.17, 12.07)

0.89

−3.64 (−19.88, 12.61)

0.88

0.61 (−0.17, 1.39)

0.59

 T2:T1

−1.81 (−9.22, 5.59)

0.87

2.88 (−9.04, 14.80)

0.87

3.70 (−8.10, 15.50)

0.83

0.12 (−0.41, 0.65)

0.87

Pp-choline

 T3:T1

4.54 (−3.07, 12.15)

0.71

−2.95 (−12.99, 7.08)

0.83

−5.21 (−15.57, 5.14)

0.73

1.11 (0.23, 1.98)

0.16*

 T2:T1

−1.03 (−7.55, 5.50)

0.90

−10.81 (−27.27, 5.64)

0.69

−12.35 (−29.79, 5.09)

0.68

0.50 (−0.61, 1.60)

0.77

Ppt-choline

 T3:T1

0.36 (−6.86, 7.58)

0.98

11.60 (−1.45, 24.65)

0.48

−1.13 (−19.21, 16.94)

0.98

0.24 (−0.86, 1.35)

0.88

 T2:T1

5.71 (−2.92, 14.33)

0.69

−3.17 (−15.51, 9.17)

0.85

16.04 (3.31, 28.78)

0.16*

−0.19 (−0.58, 0.21)

0.76

Total choline

 T3:T1

1.33 (−6.50, 9.16)

0.90

8.61 (−7.92, 25.14)

0.72

5.96 (−12.23, 24.15)

0.83

0.18 (−1.26, 1.61)

0.92

 T2:T1

3.76 (−4.42, 11.94)

0.76

−6.68 (−20.25, 6.90)

0.74

−2.06 (−16.74, 12.62)

0.92

−0.38 (−1.35, 0.59)

0.80

Betaine

 T3:T1

−2.62 (−9.35, 4.10)

0.80

12.85 (0.98, 24.72)

0.29

9.13 (−1.59, 19.85)

0.51

0.98 (0.30, 1.66)

0.13*

 T2:T1

4.20 (−6.18, 14.58)

0.79

−9.34 (−21.55, 2.86)

0.61

−9.10 (−19.78, 3.59)

0.68

0.21 (−0.56, 0.98)

0.85

Vitamin B-2

 T3:T1

−0.95 (−8.43, 6.54)

0.92

−4.74 (−18.10, 8.61)

0.82

3.81 (−10.97, 18.58)

0.85

0.40 (−0.66, 1.46)

0.80

 T2:T1

1.66 (−8.13, 11.44)

0.90

8.98 (−7.57, 25.52)

0.71

−4.04 (−17.65, 9.56)

0.83

−0.12 (1.12, 0.88)

0.92

Vitamin B-6

 T3:T1

2.53 (−5.37, 10.43)

0.83

4.19 (−10.21, 18.59)

0.83

0.26 (−13.43, 13.94)

1.00

0.46 (−0.21, 1.13)

0.69

 T2:T1

4.64 (−3.10, 12.38)

0.71

−4.96 (−20.50, 10.57)

0.83

0.81 (−14.85, 16.46)

0.98

−0.65 (−1.20, 0.00)

0.36

Vitamin B-12

 T3:T1

−0.02 (−8.26, 8.22)

1.00

6.42 (−8.93, 21.77)

0.77

1.70 (−11.74, 15.13)

0.92

0.79 (0.09, 1.50)

0.29

 T2:T1

1.53 (−7.17, 10.23)

0.90

−2.40 (−16.46, 11.66)

0.90

−3.38 (−16.85, 10.10)

0.86

0.29 (−0.53, 1.11)

0.82

  1. M-fats monosaturated fats, S-fats saturated fats, Glycpp-choline glycerophosphocholine, Pp-choline phosphocholine, Ppt-choline phosphotidylcholine, dPFV evening to morning peak flow variability, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, PAQLQ pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire
  2. * q-value < 0.20