Table 1 Clinical characteristics and proportions of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with SLE and HCs

Females, n (%)

46 (92)

23 (85)

Age, mean (SD), years

35.5 ± 13.8

33.7 ± 10.8

SLEDAI score, mean (SD)

6.3 ± 4.9

–

ANA (+, ≥1:100), n (%)

49 (98.0)

–

ds-DNA (+, >100 IU/mL), n (%)

19 (38.0)

–

Anti-ENA (44 patients)

 Anti-Sm, n (%)

18 (40.9)

–

 Anti-Ro52, n (%)

28 (63.6)

–

 Anti-nRNP/Sm, n (%)

28 (63.6)

–

 Anti-rRNP, n (%)

21 (47.7)

–

 Anti-nucleosome, n (%)

16 (36.4)

–

 Anti-SSA, n (%)

37 (84.1)

–

 Anti-SSB, n (%)

11 (25.0)

–

Decreased C3/C4, n (%)

37 (74.0)/30 (60.0)

–

Increased IgG, n (%)

26 (52.0)

–

Elevated ESR, n (%)

29 (58.0)

–

Urine protein (20 patients)

 a₁-M > 12.5 mg/L, n (%)

13 (65.0)

 MALB > 20 mg/L, n (%)

11 (55.0)

 IgU > 8 mg/L, n (%)

11 (55.0)

 TRU > 2 mg/L, n (%)

9 (45.0)

Clinical features

 Fever, n (%)

8 (16.0)

–

 Cutaneous manifestations, n (%)

18 (36.0)

–

 Oral ulcer, n (%)

5 (10.0)

–

 Alopecia, n (%)

10 (20.0)

–

 Arthritis, n (%)

16 (32.0)

–

 Raynaud’s phenomenon, n (%)

9 (18.0)

–

 Effusion, n (%)

6 (12.0)

–

 Renal involvement, n (%)

19 (38.0)

–

 Hematologic disorder, n (%)

32 (64.0)

–

Lymphocytes, mean (SD), %^a

17.2 (9.4)*

23.7 (6.7)

CD3⁺ lymphocytes, mean (SD), %^b

69.9 (12.2)*

63.4 (7.8)

CD4⁺ T subset, mean (SD), %^c

45.9 (12.9)*

54.4 (9.2)

CD4⁺ T subset, mean (SD), /mL

313.4 (34.2)*

423.4 (31.3)

CD8⁺ T subset, mean (SD), %^c

38.2 (12.8)*

28.9 (6.5)

CD8⁺ T subset, mean (SD), /mL

419.4 (59.1)

432.4 (64.9)

Ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺T, mean (SD)

0.98 (0.58)*

1.29 (0.52)