Table 1 Comorbid conditions that complicate asthma phenotyping [33, 34]
Allergies Rhinosinusitis Gastroesophageal reflux disease Obstructive sleep apnea Smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke Obesity Hormonal influence Viruses and bacteria Occupational exposure Vocal cord dysfunction Food Osteopenia and osteoporosis Psychological problems (e.g., anxiety ± hyperventilation) | Churg-Strauss disease Pregnancy Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Eczema Infections and vaccination Bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction Endocrine factors Conjunctivitis Congestive heart failure Pulmonary embolism Medications Primary ciliary dyskinesia |