Table 5 Differential diagnosis of recurrent respiratory symptoms in children [31, 36]
From: Asthma
Infections | Congenital problems |
• Recurrent respiratory tract infections • Chronic rhino-sinusitis • Tuberculosis | • Tracheomalacia • Tracheo-esophageal fistula • Cystic fibrosis • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
Mechanical problems • Foreign body aspiration • Gastroesophageal reflux • Vocal cord dysfunction | • Congenital malformation causing narrowing of the intrathoracic airways • Primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome • Immune deficiency • Congenital heart disease |