Table 1 Participant characteristics of non-asthma groups

Age (years)

42.5

(24 to 58)

42.2

(17.6)

18 to 73

47.5

(32 to 61)

46.4

(16.9)

18 to 74

− 4.3

(− 7.8 to − 0.8)

BMI (kg/m²)

23.1

(20.4 to 25.5)

23.4

(3.5)

17.6 to 33.6

25.3

(22.8 to 28.5)

26.1

(4.7)

18.2 to 57.5

− 2.7

(− 3.6 to − 1.8)

FEV₁/FVC ratio^c

0.82

(0.78 to 0.88)

0.83

(0.08)

0.61 to 1.26

0.78

(0.73 to 0.82)

0.77

(0.07)

0.48 to 0.99

0.05

(0.04 to 0.07)

FEV₁%

106.0

(97.6 to 113.6)

104.9 (13.7)

64.0 to 135.9

104.0

(95.0 to 112.0)

103.7 (12.4)

71.3 to 148.5

1.25

(− 1.36 to 3.85)

Serum periostin^b (ng/mL)

57.0

(50.3 to 67.9)

59.6

(15.4)

22.1 to 132.1

49.7

(42.8 to 56.5)

50.9

(12.1)

28.1 to 136.4

8.8

(6.1 to 11.4)

FeNO^b (ppb)

19

(13 to 29)

28.8

(34.2)

5.0 to 300.0

19

(14.5 to 27)

23.3

(14.1)

2.5 to 99.0

5.5

(1.36 to 9.64)

Serum IgE^b (U/L)

68

(25 to 216)

270.9 (717.8)

2.0 to 5888

31

(11 to 78)

94.3 (247.3)

0.5 to 2608

176.6

(94.7 to 258.6)

Blood eosinophils

x10⁹/L (units)

0.1

(0.07 to 0.18)

0.15

(0.12)

0 to 0.72

0.1

(0.1 to 0.2)

0.16

(0.12)

0 to 0.8

0.1

(0.1 to 0.2)