Fig. 1From: The complex pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis: scientific rationale for the development of an alternative treatment optionEarly and late phases showing the pathophysiological processes and drivers of allergic rhinitis and the potential sites for pharmacological intervention. ECP eosinophil cationic protein, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IgE immunoglobulin E, IL interleukinBack to article page