Fig. 1

Study design. A total of 39,831 patients from southern China were enrolled in the study, including 22,835 adults and 16,996 children. Among them, 9541 patients were diagnosed by doctors as having rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, eczema or atopic dermatitis. Of these, 5309 patients were also tested for i6: cockroach, d1: house dust mite, f2: cow’s milk, f23: crab, f24: shrimp