Serum IL-1β can be a biomarker in children with severe persistent allergic rhinitis

Table 3 Univariate analysis to determine factors related to the severity of allergic rhinitis

AR severity	Group 1 (N = 79)	Group 2 (N = 37)	p value
Perinatal factors
Delivery
Normal delivery	46	25	0.415
Delivery by cesarean section	33	12	0.415
Birth weight
LBW (< 2.5 kg)	9	3	0.749
NBW ≥ 2.5 kg	70	34	0.749
Prematurity
Prematurity (< 37 weeks)	8	3	0.726
Full-term (≥ 37 weeks)	71	34	0.726
Oxygen therapy in the first week
No	72	32	0.517
Yes	7	5	0.517
Breastfeeding
No	17	9	0.812
Yes	62	28	0.812
General anesthesia before 1 year
No	78	36	0.538
Yes	7	1	0.538
Environmental factors
Tobacco smoking
No	62	32	0.293
Yes	16	4
Distance to major roadway or factory
< 100 m	53	24	0.835
≥ 100 m	26	13
Exposure to traffic exhaust
No	52	24	0.920
Yes	27	13
Family history of allergy
Allergic disease in sibling
No	64	22	0.331
Yes	8	5	0.331
Allergic rhinitis in sibling
No	50	14	0.039
Yes	25	17	0.039
Paternal allergic disease
No	60	21	0.176
Yes	15	10
Paternal allergic rhinitis
No	55	15	0.002
Yes	23	22
Maternal allergic disease
No	62	26	0.778
Yes	14	5
Maternal allergic rhinitis
No	48	16	0.074
Yes	29	20
Activation of other allergic symptoms (history in 1 year)
Active asthma
No	76	31	0.029
Yes	3	6
Active atopic symptoms
No	62	17	0.002
Yes	18	19
Active allergic conjunctivitis
No	57	24	0.516
Yes	22	13
History of asthma
No	66	27	0.215
Yes	13	10
Eosinophils (count/μl)
Low expression (< 285.2)	45	34	0.017
High expression (≥ 285.2)	12	25
IL-1β (pg/ml)
Low expression (< 7.98)	51	13	0.003
High expression (≥ 7.98)	28	24
CCL-24 (pg/ml)
Low expression (< 471.01)	43	13	0.050
High expression (≥ 471.01)	36	24

Group 1: Children with intermittent allergic rhinitis or mild persistent allergic rhinitis; Group 2: children with moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis
AR Allergic rhinitis, CCL C–C motif chemokine ligand, IL interleukin, LBW low birth weight, NBW normal birth weight

ISSN: 1710-1492