Fig. 3

Plasma cytokine levels of HAT and malaria co-infection compared to healthy controls. Participants of HAT and malaria co-infection (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 30). Boxes indicate median and interquartile range, whiskers are defined as 10th–90th percentiles. Dots define outliers. Asterisk (*) indicate significant elevation in co-infected cases over healthy controls (Mann–Whitney U test, P < 0.05)