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Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics by gender

From: Gender differences in asthma perception and its impact on quality of life: a post hoc analysis of the PROXIMA (Patient Reported Outcomes and Xolair® In the Management of Asthma) study

 

Cross-sectional population

(N = 357)

p-value*

Longitudinal population

(N = 99)

p-value*

Females

(N = 232, 65.0%)

Males

(N = 125, 35.0%)

Females

(N = 62, 62.6%)

Males

(N = 37, 37.4%)

Age (years)

52.3 (40.2–61.9)

50.2 (38.1–64.5)

0.648

52.3 (11.9)

51.0 (15.8)

0.640

Smoking habits (n (%))

 Current smoker

17 (7.3)

8 (6.4)

0.430

3 (4.8)

2 (5.4)

0.795

 Former smoker

39 (16.8)

28 (22.4)

 

10 (16.1)

8 (21.6)

 

Menopausal status (n (%))

114 (49.1)

  

32 (51.6)

  

Comorbidities (n (%))

 ≥ 1

138 (59.5)

70 (56.0)

0.524

38 (61.3)

27 (73.0)

0.236

 Cardiovascular disease

48 (20.7)

26 (20.8)

0.980

13 (21.0)

5 (13.5)

0.352

 Chronic rhinitis

35 (15.1)

17 (13.6)

0.704

11 (17.7)

5 (13.5)

0.580

 Chronic sinusitis/rhinosinusitis

22 (9.5)

15 (12.0)

0.457

11 (17.7)

8 (21.6)

0.635

 GERD

38 (16.4)

13 (10.4)

0.124

8 (12.9)

6 (16.2)

0.647

 Hormonal disturbances

27 (11.6)

16 (12.8)

0.748

8 (12.9)

4 (10.8)

1.000

 Nasal polyps

16 (6.9)

11 (8.8)

0.516

8 (12.9)

7 (18.9)

0.419

 Obesity

19 (8.2)

4 (3.2)

0.067

5 (8.1)

0 (0.0)

0.154

 Psychiatric disordersa

14 (6.0)

3 (2.4)

0.124

4 (6.5)

1 (2.7)

0.648

Asthma history

 Duration (years)

14.8 (5.7–26.8)

n = 226

15.2 (5.3–29.8)

n = 121

0.849

16.6 (8.1–29.2)

n = 60

14.6 (5.0–26.3)

n = 36

0.280

 Age at diagnosis (years)

33.6 (20.9–44.5)

n = 226

31.1 (14.7–44.6)

n = 121

0.199

32.1 (15.7)

n = 60

34.1 (15.6)

n = 36

0.555

 No of asthma exacerbations in the last 12 months

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

n = 213

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

n = 117

0.366

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

n = 60

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

n = 35

0.425

  ≥ 1 exacerbation in the 12 months before baseline (n (%))

191 (89.7)

n = 213

98 (83.8)

n = 117

0.119

58 (96.7)

n = 60

34 (97.1)

n = 35

1.000

 FEV1 (L)

1.8 (1.2–2.2)

n = 223

2.3 (1.7–3.0)

n = 119

<0.0001

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

n = 61

2.1 (1.4–2.6)

n = 36

0.001

 Serum IgE (IU/mL)

216.0 (101.0–525.0)

n = 164

294.0 (150.5–629.0)

n = 88

0.054

238.0 (123.8–499.0)

n = 60

294.0 (168.0–540.0)

n = 37

0.399

  1. Mean (SD) were showed for continuous, normally distributed variables and comparisons between groups were performed with parametric Student’s t test. In case of not normally distributed parameters, median (IQR) were provided and males were compared to females by means of non- parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test
  2. If not otherwise specified, number of analyzed patients is reported in table heading
  3. GERD Gastroesophageal reflux
  4. aAnxiety, depression, behavioral disorders
  5. *Student’s t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test p-values were showed for numerical variables; Chi square or Fisher exact test p-values were showed for categorical ones. Statistically significant p-values are in italic