Fig. 2

Comparison of the composition and diversity of newly-arrived and long-term Chinese immigrants. a The relative abundance of identified phyla in newly-arrived and long-term Chinese immigrants. The Y-axes represent relative phylum abundance and the x-axes represent sampling cohort, either from newly-arrived or long-term Chinese immigrants. b LEfSe analysis of microbiome changes. Taxa enriched in newly-arrived Chinese immigrants are indicated with a positive LDA score (green), and taxa enriched in long-term Chinese immigrants have a negative score (red). Only taxa meeting an LDA significant threshold of > 2 are shown. c Alpha diversity analysis among samples. Box-and-whisker plots of the Alpha diversities are exemplified by the Shannon and Chao1 index between newly-arrived (blue) and long-term (pink) Chinese immigrants. No difference was observed in Shannon and Chao1 indices. d Beta diversity analysis among samples was carried out according to the Bray–Curtis distance. Data points represent either long-term Chinese immigrant samples (red square) or new-arrived Chinese immigrants samples (blue dots), and the two major principle components are respectively represented on the x- and y- axes