Table 1 General characteristics of participants
Characteristics | Total participants | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Asthma | Control | ||
Age (mean, SD, y) | 55.9 (8.7) | 53.2 (8.4) | < 0.001a |
Sex (n, %) | 24.4 (3.3) | 23.9 (2.9) | < 0.001a |
 Men | 952 (30.1) | 54,772 (34.4) |  |
 Women | 2208 (69.9) | 104,647 (65.6) |  |
BMI (mean, SD, kg/m2) | 24.4 (3.3) | 23.9 (2.9) | < 0.001a |
Income (n, %) |  |  | < 0.001a |
 Missing, no response | 471 (14.9) | 20,322 (12.7) |  |
 Lowest | 1125 (35.6) | 44,950 (28.2) |  |
 Middle | 996 (31.5) | 59,632 (37.4) |  |
 Highest | 568 (18.0) | 34,515 (21.7) |  |
Smoking status (n, %) |  |  | < 0.001a |
 Nonsmoker | 2344 (74.2) | 116,244 (72.9) |  |
 Past smoker | 510 (16.1) | 23,320 (14.6) |  |
 Current smoker | 306 (9.7) | 19,855 (12.5) |  |
Alcohol consumption (n, %) |  |  | < 0.001a |
 Non drinker | 1804 (57.1) | 81,011 (50.8) |  |
 Past drinker | 176 (5.6) | 6091 (3.8) |  |
 Current drinker | 1180 (37.3) | 72,317 (45.4) |  |
Nutritional intake | |||
 Total calories (kcal/d) | 1722.6 (574.5) | 1755.6 (582.6) | 0.002a |
 Protein (g/d) | 57.8 (25.5) | 59.7 (26.9) | < 0.001a |
 Fat (g/d) | 26.5 (17.3) | 28.1 (18.5) | < 0.001a |
 Carbohydrate (g/d) | 309.1 (96.4) | 311.8 (95.3) | 0.117 |
 Calcium (mg/d) | 449.3 (287.4) | 450.4 (273.1) | 0.839 |
 Phosphorus (mg/d) | 878.5 (371.9) | 898.6 (375.2) | 0.003a |
 Potassium (mg/d) | 2233.8 (1142.2) | 2271.1 (1109.4) | 0.069 |
 Osteoporosis (n, %) | 430 (13.6) | 10,782 (6.8) | < 0.001a |