Fig. 5

VitD deficiency reduces the frequency of Tregs and Bregs in the lungs of the mice. The offspring mice were randomized and injected with PBS or HDM to induce allergic airway inflammation. The percentages of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs (a, c) and CD19⁺IL-10⁺ Bregs (b, d) in individual BALF samples were determined by flow cytometry. Data are representative flow cytometry charts and expressed as the mean values of individual mice in each group (n = 8 mice per group) from three separate experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001