From: Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, related comorbidities and risk factors in schoolchildren
Factors | Cumulative allergic rhinitis symptoms n (%) | p-value | OR | CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
M (n = 1857) | 713 (38.4) | < 0.0001 | 0.672 | 0.587–0.768* |
F (n = 1979) | 584 (29.5) | |||
Physician-diagnosed asthma | ||||
Yes (n = 248) | 166 (66.94) | < 0.0001 | 4.398 | 3.356–5.807* |
No (n = 3588) | 1131 (31.52) | |||
Physician-diagnosed food allergy | ||||
Yes (n = 242) | 134 (55.4) | < 0.0001 | 2.594 | 1.995–3.378* |
No (n = 3594) | 1163 (32.4) | |||
Physician-diagnosed eczema | ||||
Yes (n = 491) | 231 (47.1) | < 0.0001 | 1.899 | 1.568–2.300* |
No (n = 3345) | 1066 (31.9) | |||
Family history of atopy | ||||
Yes (n = 2483) | 999 (40.2) | < 0.0001 | 2.380 | 2.050–2.776* |
No (n = 1353) | 298 (22.0) | |||
Frequent upper respiratory tract infections | ||||
Yes (n = 872) | 482 (55.3) | < 0.0001 | 3.259 | 2.789–3.811* |
No (n = 2964) | 815 (27.5) | |||
Tonsillectomy | ||||
Yes (n = 138) | 62 (44.9) | 0.0054 | 1.627 | 1.152–2.289* |
No (n = 3698) | 1235 (33.4) | |||
Adenoidectomy | ||||
Yes (n = 523) | 195 (37.3) | 0.0712 | 1.193 | 0.938–1.443 |
No (n = 3313) | 1102 (33.3) | |||
Antibiotics given in the first year of life | ||||
Yes (n = 1075) | 418 (38.9) | < 0.0001 | 1.362 | 1.176–1.577* |
No (n = 2761) | 879 (31.8) | |||
Paracetamol given in the first year of life | ||||
Yes (n = 1344) | 495 (36.8) | 0.0038 | 1.229 | 1.069–1.412* |
No (n = 2494) | 802 (32.2) | |||
Long-lasting common infections caused by viruses and/or bacteria disease before the appearance of the allergy | ||||
Yes (n = 122) | 98 (80.3) | < 0.0001 | 8.565 | 5.549–13.754* |
No (n = 3714) | 1199 (32.3) | |||
Consumption of drinks containing preservatives or colorants | ||||
Yes (n = 1550) | 568 (36.7) | 0.0023 | 1.235 | 1.079–1.415* |
No (n = 2286) | 729 (31.9) |