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Table 4 Factors affecting cumulative allergic rhinitis symptoms

From: Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, related comorbidities and risk factors in schoolchildren

Factors

Cumulative allergic rhinitis symptoms n (%)

p-value

OR

CI

Sex

 M (n = 1857)

713 (38.4)

 < 0.0001

0.672

0.587–0.768*

 F (n = 1979)

584 (29.5)

Physician-diagnosed asthma

 Yes (n = 248)

166 (66.94)

 < 0.0001

4.398

3.356–5.807*

 No (n = 3588)

1131 (31.52)

Physician-diagnosed food allergy

 Yes (n = 242)

134 (55.4)

 < 0.0001

2.594

1.995–3.378*

 No (n = 3594)

1163 (32.4)

Physician-diagnosed eczema

 Yes (n = 491)

231 (47.1)

 < 0.0001

1.899

1.568–2.300*

 No (n = 3345)

1066 (31.9)

Family history of atopy

 Yes (n = 2483)

999 (40.2)

 < 0.0001

2.380

2.050–2.776*

 No (n = 1353)

298 (22.0)

Frequent upper respiratory tract infections

 Yes (n = 872)

482 (55.3)

 < 0.0001

3.259

2.789–3.811*

 No (n = 2964)

815 (27.5)

Tonsillectomy

 Yes (n = 138)

62 (44.9)

0.0054

1.627

1.152–2.289*

 No (n = 3698)

1235 (33.4)

Adenoidectomy

 Yes (n = 523)

195 (37.3)

0.0712

1.193

0.938–1.443

 No (n = 3313)

1102 (33.3)

Antibiotics given in the first year of life

 Yes (n = 1075)

418 (38.9)

 < 0.0001

1.362

1.176–1.577*

 No (n = 2761)

879 (31.8)

Paracetamol given in the first year of life

 Yes (n = 1344)

495 (36.8)

0.0038

1.229

1.069–1.412*

 No (n = 2494)

802 (32.2)

Long-lasting common infections caused by viruses and/or bacteria disease before the appearance of the allergy

 Yes (n = 122)

98 (80.3)

 < 0.0001

8.565

5.549–13.754*

 No (n = 3714)

1199 (32.3)

Consumption of drinks containing preservatives or colorants

 Yes (n = 1550)

568 (36.7)

0.0023

1.235

1.079–1.415*

 No (n = 2286)

729 (31.9)

  1. p < 0.05 considered significant
  2. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  3. *significant association