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Table 5 Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of otitis media for asthma according to frequency of otitis media

From: Bidirectional association between asthma and otitis media in children

Characteristics HRs for asthma
Crudea P-value Adjustedab P-value
Otitis media ≥ 2times 1.66 (1.57–1.75)  < 0.001* 1.60 (1.51–1.68)  < 0.001*
Control II 1.00   1.00  
Otitis media ≥ 3 times 1.71 (1.61–1.82)  < 0.001* 1.64 (1.54–1.74)  < 0.001*
Control II 1.00   1.00  
  1. * Cox-proportional hazard regression model, Significance at P < 0.05
  2. a Stratified model for age, sex, income, and region of residence
  3. b Adjusted model for atopic dermatitis and chronic sinusitis