Table 2 Clinical characteristics of cases in the cefaclor immediate HS and the exposed control groups
Cefaclor immediate HS n = 459 (%) | Exposed control n = 20,183 (%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Female | 295 (64.3) | 7848 (38.9) | < 0.001 |
Age (year) | 46.8 ± 16.0 | 50.4 ± 21.6 | < 0.001 |
≥ 65 | 59 (12.9) | 5913 (29.3) | < 0.001 |
Underlying disease | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 36 (7.8) | 1713 (8.5) | 0.623 |
Hypertension | 68 (14.8) | 1941 (9.6) | < 0.001 |
Liver diseases | 13 (2.8) | 208 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
Kidney diseases | 13 (2.8) | 679 (3.4) | 0.531 |
Allergic disease | |||
Asthma | 31 (6.8) | 134 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
Allergic rhinitis and/or chronic sinusitis | 96 (20.9) | 4317 (20.9) | 0.998 |
Allergic conjunctivitis | 29 (4.1) | 21 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
Atopic dermatitis | 9 (2.0) | 213 (1.1) | 0.063 |
Urticaria | 15 (3.3) | 138 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
Food allergy | 17 (3.7) | 4 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
Atopy | 80/198 (40.4) | N/A | |
Number of concomitant medications | 1.07 ± 1.1 | 1.84 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
Concomitant drug use | |||
NSAIDs | 295 (42.5) | 5791 (28.7) | < 0.001 |
Other analgesics | 54 (11.8) | 2726 (13.5) | 0.278 |
Other antibiotics | 33 (7.2) | 3362 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
Muscle relaxants | 6 (1.3) | 457 (2.3) | 0.171 |
H2-blockers | 47 (10.2) | 6568 (32.6) | < 0.001 |
Gastrointestinal drugs | 94 (20.5) | 11,677 (57.9) | < 0.001 |
Steroids | 11 (2.4) | 1924 (9.5) | < 0.001 |
Antihistamines | 43 (9.4) | 4142 (20.5) | < 0.001 |
Most common indications for cefaclor prescription (KCD-code) | |||
1st | Respiratory system (J00-J99), 178 (38.8) | Respiratory system (J00-J99), 4270 (21.2) | |
2nd | Digestive system (K00-J93), 65 (14.2) | Neoplasms (C00-D48), 3953 (19.6) | |
3rd | Eye and adnexa (H00-H59), 34 (7.4) | Eye and adnexa (H00-H59), 2535 (12.6) | |