Table 1 Frequency distribution of selected demographic and risk factors in atopy cases and controls of the study
From: Atopy in Kashmir-validation from a case control study with respect to IgE and Interleukin genes
Characteristics | Cases | Controls | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 528) | (n = 610) | ||
Age years | |||
 < 40 | 414 (78.4) | 459 (75.0) |  |
 > 40 | 114 (21.6) | 151 (25.0) |  > 0.05 |
 Mean age | 29.7 ± 13.9 | 29.45 ± 14.2 |  |
Gender | |||
 Male | 210 (39.8) | 255 (41.8) |  |
 Female | 318 (60.2) | 355 (58.2) |  > 0.05 |
Dwelling | |||
 Urban | 240 (45.5) | 281 (46.1) |  |
 Rural | 288 (54.5) | 329 (44.9) |  > 0.05 |
Smoking status | |||
 Smokers | 63 (12.0) | 38 (6.2) |  > 0.05 |
 Non-smokers | 165 (31.2) | 345 (56.5) | |
 Passive smokers | 300 (56.8) | 227 (37.3) | |
IgE levels | |||
 Normal (< 180u/l) | 03 (0.6) | 487 (79.8) |  < 0.05 |
 Elevated (≥ 180u/l) | 525 (99.4) | 123 (20.2) | |
Eosinophil count | |||
 Normal (1.0–6.0%) | 297 (56.3) | 519 (85.1) |  |
 Elevated (> 6.0%) | 231 (43.7) | 91 (14.9) |  > 0.05 |
Vitamin D levels (ng/ml) | |||
 Deficient (< 20) | 345 (65.3) | 503 (82.4) |  > 0.05 |
 Insufficient (20–30) | 111 (21.0) | 49 (8.0) | |
 Sufficient (31–100) | 72 (13.7) | 58 (9.6) | |
 Upper safety limit (> 100) | 00 (0.0) | 00 (0.0) | |
ESR | |||
 Normal (< 15 mm/hr in males and < 20 in females) | 414 (78.4) |  |  |
 Elevated (≥ 15 mm/hr in males and ≥ 20 in females) | 114 (21.6) | ||
PFT | |||
 Normal | 324 (61.4) |  |  |
 Abnormal | 204 (38.6) | ||
SPT | |||
 Positive to HDM | 72 (13.6) |  |  |
 Positive to pollens | 39 (7.3) | ||
 Positive to HDM/pollens | 114 (21.6) | ||
 Positive to HDM/pollens/fungi /AE | 66 (12.5) | ||
 Positive to HDM/pollens/few foods/AE | 225 (42.6) | ||
 Negative | 12 (2.2) | ||
Socio economic status | |||
 Good | 150 (28.4) |  |  |
 Average | 336 (63.6) | ||
 Poor | 42 (8.0) | ||
Seasonal/year round | |||
 Year round | 387 (73.3) |  |  |
 Seasonal | 141 (26.7) | ||
Peak time | |||
 Morning | 255 (48.2) |  |  |
 Evening | 249 (47.1) | ||
 Both | 24 (4.5) | ||
Family history | |||
 Yes | 393 (74.5) |  |  |
 No | 135 (25.5) | ||
Triggers | |||
 Dust | 174 (32.9) |  |  |
 Dust/irritant | 210 (39.7) | ||
 Temperature | 12 (2.3) | ||
 Irritants | 132 (25.0) | ||
Co-morbidity | |||
 Diabetes | 24 (4.5) |  |  |
 Hypertension | 27 (5.1) | ||
 Diabetes/hypertension/obesity | 16 (2.7) | ||
 Hypothyroidism | 51 (9.6) | ||
 PCOD | 21 (3.9) | ||
 Nil | 389 (73.6) | ||
Collateral diseases | |||
 Drug allergy | 60 (11.5) |  |  |
 Migraine | 120 (22.7) | ||
 Food allergy | 90 (17.0) | ||
 Migraine/food allergy | 09 (1.7) | ||
 Migraine/drug allergy | 06 (1.1) | ||
 Nil | 243 (46.0) | ||
Diagnosis | |||
 AR/BA | 210 (39.7) |  |  |
 AR/AD | 57 (10.8) | ||
 AR/CU | 36 (6.8) | ||
 AR/BA/AD | 120 (22.7) | ||
 AR/BA/CU | 75 (14.2) | ||
 AR/BA/conjunctivitis | 12 (2.3) | ||
 BA/CU | 18 (3.4) | ||