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Table 5 Correlation of various clinic-pathological characteristics of cases and controls with IL-13 serum levels

From: Atopy in Kashmir-validation from a case control study with respect to IgE and Interleukin genes

Variables

Cases

Controls

OR (95%CI)

P value

Number (n)

Un (%)

D

Number

Un (%)

Dn (%)

n (%)

(n)

n = 528

00 (00.00)

528 (100.0)

n = 610

215 (35.3)

395 (64.7)

–

 < 0.0001

Age

      

–

 

 < 40

414 (78.4)

00

414

459 (75.0)

158

301

 < 0.0001

 > 40

114 (21.6)

00

114

151 (25.0)

57

94

 < 0.0001

Gender

      

–

 

 Male

210 (39.8)

00

310

255 (41.8)

83

172

 < 0.0001

 Female

318 (60.2)

00

318

355 (58.2)

132

223

 < 0.0001

Dwelling

      

–

 

 Urban

240 (45.5)

00

240

281 (46.1)

108

173

 < 0.0001

 Rural

288 (54.5)

00

288

329 (44.9)

107

222

 < 0.0001

Smoking status

      

–

 

 Smokers

63 (12.0)

00

63

38 (6.2)

12

26

 < 0.0001

 Non-smokers

165 (31.2)

00

165

345 (56.5)

80

147

 < 0.0001

 Passive smokers

300 (56.8)

00

300

227 (37.3)

123

222

 < 0.0001

IgE Levels:

      

–

 

 Normal

03 (0.6)

00

3

487 (79.8)

175

312

 < 0.0001

 Elevated

525 (99.4)

00

525

123 (20.2)

40

83

 < 0.0001

Eosinophil count

      

–

 

 Normal

297 (56.3)

00

297

519 (85.1)

183

336

 < 0.0001

 Elevated

231 (43.7)

00

231

91 (14.9)

32

59

 < 0.0001

Vitamin D levels (ng/ml)

      

–

 

 Deficient (< 20)

345 (65.3)

00

345

503 (82.4)

173

330

 < 0.0001

 Insufficient (20–30)

111 (21.0)

00

111

49 (8.0)

18

31

 < 0.0001

 Sufficient (31–100)

72 (13.7)

00

72

58 (9.6)

24

34

 < 0.0001

ESR

      

–

0.3

 Normal

414 (78.4)

00

414

 Elevated

114 (21.6)

00

114

PFT

      

–

0.6

 Normal

324 (61.4)

00

324

 Abnormal

204 (38.6)

00

204

SPT

      

–

 

 HDM

72 (13.6)

00

72

 Pollens

39 (7.3)

00

39

 HDM/pollens

114 (21.6)

00

114

 HDM/pollens/fungi /AE

66 (12.5)

00

66

 HDM/pollens/few foods/AE

225 (42.6)

00

225

 Negative

12 (2.2)

00

12

Socio economic status

      

–

0.5

 Good

150 (28.4)

00

150

0.4

 Average

336 (63.6)

00

336

 

 Poor

42 (8.0)

00

42

 

Seasonal/year round

      

–

0.4

 Year round

387 (73.3)

00

387

 Seasonal

141 (26.7)

00

141

Peak time

      

–

0.7

 Morning

255 (48.2)

00

255

0.1

 Evening

249 (47.1)

00

249

 

 Both

24 (4.5)

00

24

 

Family history

      

–

0.5

 Yes

393 (74.5)

00

393

 No

135 (25.5)

00

135

Triggers

      

–

–

 Dust

174 (32.9)

00

174

 Dust/irritant

210 (39.7)

00

210

 Temperature

12 (2.3)

00

12

 Irritants

132 (25.0)

00

132

Co-morbidity

      

–

–

 Diabetes

24 (4.5)

00

24

 Hypertension

27 (5.1)

00

27

 Diabetes/hypertension/obesity

16 (2.7)

00

16

 Hypothyroidism

51 (9.6)

00

51

 PCOD

21 (3.9)

00

21

 Nil

389 (73.6)

00

389

Collateral diseases

      

–

–

 Drug allergy

60 (11.5)

00

60

 Migraine

120 (22.7)

00

120

 Food allergy

90 (17.0)

00

90

 Migraine/food allergy

09 (1.7)

00

9

 Migraine/drug allergy

06 (1.1)

00

6

 Nil

243 (46.0)

0

243

Diagnosis

      

–

–

 AR/BA

210 (39.7)

00

210

 AR/AD

57 (10.8)

00

57

 AR/CU

36 (6.8)

00

36

 AR/BA/AD

120 (22.7)

00

120

 AR/BA/CU

75 (14.2)

00

75

 AR/BA/conjunctivitis

12 (2.3)

00

12

 BA/CU

18 (3.4)

00

18

  1. IL Interleukin, U undetectable, D detectable, IgE immunoglobulin E, GAD general anxiety disorder, MDD major depressive disorder, ESR eosinophil sedimentation rate, LSCS lower segment caesarian section, TSH thyroid stimulating hormone, PFT pulmonary function test, HDM house dust mite, AE animal epithelia, AR atopic rhinitis, BA bronchial asthma, AD atopic dermatitis, CU chronic urticaria
  2. 1.5 pg/ml is the minimum value below which the interleukin levels (IL-13) were treated as undetectable