From: Pulmonary eosinophilia may indicate onset stage of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Characteristic | All cases (n = 25) | EP group (n = 6) | Non-EP group (n = 19) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) or median (IQR) | ||||
Age at onset of ABPA (y), median (IQR) | 65 (56–71) | 67 (61–73) | 65 (55–71) | ns |
Sex, female | 15 (60%) | 4 (67%) | 11 (58%) | ns |
Bronchial asthma | ||||
Age at onset (y), median (IQR) | 50.0 (36.0–64.0) | 49.0 (31.5–50.0) | 55.0 (38.0–66.5) | ns |
Duration (y) between onset of asthma and ABPA, median (IQR) | 3.0 (0.4–16.0) | 18.0 (4.2–24.5) | 2.0 (0.5–8.0) | ns |
History | ||||
Smoking status, never/former/current | 21 (84%)/3 (12%)/1 (4%) | 5 (83%)/1 (17%)/0 (0%) | 16 (84%)/2 (11%)/1 (5%) | ns |
Infantile asthma | 8 (32%) | 2 (33%) | 6 (31.6%) | ns |
CEP | 8 (32%) | 3 (50%) | 5 (26%) | ns |
Other respiratory disease | 4 (16%) | 0 | 4 | |
COPD | 2 (8%) | 0 | 2 | ns |
Sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis | 1 (4%) | 0 | 1 | ns |
NTM | 1 (4%) | 0 | 1 | ns |
Tentative diagnosis | ||||
ABPA | 6 (24%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (32%) | ns |
CEP | 7 (28%) | 4 (67%) | 3 (16%) | ns |
TB | 4 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (21%) | ns |
NTM | 2 (8%) | 1 (17%) | 1 (5%) | ns |
Pneumonia | 2 (8%) | 1 (17%) | 1 (5%) | ns |
LC | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11%) | ns |
Bronchiectasis | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | ns |
Middle lobe syndrome | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | ns |
Laboratory data at diagnosis | ||||
Absolute eosinophil count (cells/μl), median (IQR) | 1540 (880–2330) | 2385 (1663–2733) | 1240 (560–1700) | ns |
IgE (IU/ml), median (IQR) | 2802 (1330–5182) | 3010 (1131–4227) | 2802 (1809–5182) | ns |
Aspergillus-specific IgE (IU/ml), median (IQR) | 20.7 (7.0–33.4) | 25.8 (8.6–31.5) | 20.6 (1.7–33.7) | ns |
Aspergillus-specific precipitating antibodies or IgG | 16 (64%) | 6 (100%) | 10 (53%) | p = 0.0664 |
Fungal culture, beta-D glucan | ||||
Sputum or bronchial wash positive | 11 (44%) | 1 (17%) | 10 (53%) | ns |
Sputum; wash; sputum and wash | 4; 3; 4 | 1; 0; 0 | 3; 4; 3 | |
Aspergillus fumigatus | 8 (32%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (42%) | ns |
Aspergillus niger | 2 (8%) | 1 (17%) | 1 (5%) | ns |
Aspergillus fumigatus and niger | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | ns |
beta-D glucan (pg/ml) | 11.1 (5.3–16.6) | 6.6 (5.2–9.3) | 11.7 (6.7–18.4) | p = 0.0398 |
Chest CT findings | ||||
Central bronchiectasis | 22 (88%) | 4 (67%) | 18 (95%) | ns |
Mucoid impaction | 19 (76%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (95%) | p = 0.0006 |
HAM | 13 (52%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (63%) | p = 0.0052 |
Tree in bud | 12 (48%) | 3 (50%) | 9 (47%) | ns |
Enlarged lymph nodes | 12 (48%) | 3 (50%) | 9 (47%) | ns |
Fibrosis | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ns |
Peripheral consolidation | 16 (64%) | 6 (100%) | 10 (53%) | p = 0.0571 |
Ground grass opacities | 16 (64%) | 6 100%) | 10 (53%) | p = 0.0571 |
Pulmonary function test | ||||
FEV1, L, median (IQR) | 1.74 (1.46–2.25) | 1.60 (1.27–2.35) | 1.82 (1.48–2.25) | ns |
FEV1, %, predicted, median (IQR) | 82.6 (72.0–91.8) | 73.3 (65.9–81.1) | 85.8 (74.7–89.4) | ns |
FEV1/FVC, %, median (IQR) | 72.7 (62.0–91.8) | 71.4 (62.2–77.2) | 72.7 (62.4–77.3) | ns |
Recurrence | 21 (84%) | 4 (67%) | 15 (78%) | ns |
Duration (months) before recurrence | 21.5 (14.8–29.0) | 22.5 (20.5–22.9) | 20.5 (13.8–34.8) | ns |
Recurrence rate | 84% | 67% | 89% | ns |