Table 1 Frequency and modality of monitoring in patients with uncomplicated CVID by studies
From: Monitoring patients with uncomplicated common variable immunodeficiency: a systematic review
No | Study and Level of Evidence | Clinical assessment | Laboratory testing | Chest imaging | Abdominal imaging | PFT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Quinti et al. [11] Expert’s opinion Level V. Grade D | Not mentioned | Every 3 months: Ig, CBC, lymphocyte subsets, chemistries, culture tests | Every 4 years: CT chest and sinus | Every 1 year: AUS Every 2 years: upper endoscopy | Not mentioned |
2 | Cunningham-Rundles [19] Expert’s opinion Level V. Grade D | Every 12 months | Every 6–12 months: Ig Every 12 months: CBC, chemistry, albumin, creatinine, liver enzymes | Baseline then as needed: HRCT is preferred | Not mentioned | Every 1 year |
3 | Abolhassani et al. [17] Expert’s opinion Level V. Grade D | Every 3–6 months | Every 3–6 months: hematologic testing Every 12 months: TSH Regular check: HCV PCR | As needed | Every 1 year: AUS Every 2 years: upper ± lower endoscopy | Every 1–2 years |
4 | Maarschalk-Ellerbroek et al. [15] Cross-sectional cohort study (N = 47) Level II. Grade B | Not mentioned | Every 6–12 months: Ig | Baseline: CT | Not mentioned | Baseline |
5 | Buckley [21] Guideline Level V. Grade D | Not mentioned | Every 6–12 months: Ig, creatinine, liver enzymes Every 12 months: HCV PCR | Baseline: CT | Not mentioned | Every 1 year |
6 | Bonilla et al. [2] Consensus Level V. Grade D | Scheduled follow-ups (frequency not specified) | Every 6-12Â months: liver enzymes Regular check: Ig, CBC, creatinine, urea (frequency not specified) | Baseline: HCRT | Not mentioned | Every 1Â year |
7 | Caliskaner et al. [23] Retrospective cohort study (N = 25) Level II. Grade B | Every 3–4 weeks | Every 3–4 weeks: CBC Every 3 months: Ig, lytes, urea, creatinine; urinalysis; stool O&P Every 6 months: total protein, albumin, glucose, LDH, liver enzymes; C3, C4; ANA, dsDNA, thyroid autoantibodies Every 12 months: TSH, T4, T3; CEA, AFP, CA19-9 | Every 2 years: HRCT | Every 2 years: AUS | Every 6 months |
8 | Janssen et al. [16] Prospective cohort study (N = 55) Level II. Grade B | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Every 5 years: CT | Not mentioned | Baseline then as needed |
9 | Bethune et al. [20] Consensus Level V. Grade D | Every 6 month: weight; every 12 month: LN and abdomen exams | Every 6 months: Ig, CBC, liver enzymes | Baseline: HRCT Every 5 years: HRCT (if ongoing respiratory tract infections^) | Every 1 year: AUS (no consensus) | Every 1–3 years (no consensus) |
10 | Our centre Expert’s opinion Level V. Grade D | Every 1 month | Every 6 months: Ig, CBC, LDH, albumin, creatinine, liver enzymes; urinalysis | Baseline: CT chest As needed: CXR or CT chest | Every 1 year: AUS | Every 1 year |
11 | Summary of suggested frequency and type of monitoring | Every 1–12 months | Every 6–12 months: Ig, CBC, creatinine, liver enzymes | Baseline: CT Every 2–5 years or as needed: CT or CXR | Every 1–2 years: AUS, endoscopy (expert’s opinion) | Every 1–3 years |