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Table 1 Classification of urticaria [1, 9]

From: Insights into urticaria in pediatric and adult populations and its management with fexofenadine hydrochloride

Type

Subtype

Cause

Spontaneous urticaria

 

Acute urticaria

 
 

Chronic urticaria

Infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal)

  

Food and additives

  

Drugs (e.g. NSAIDs; ACE)

  

Emotional stress

  

Autoimmune disorders

Inducible urticaria

Physical

Dermographism

Mechanical shearing force (rubbing or scratching)

Cold urticaria

Cold air; cold liquid; or cold solid

Delayed pressure urticaria

Vertical pressure

Heat urticaria

Local heat exposure

Solar urticaria

Ultraviolet or visible light

Vibratory angioedema

Vibratory forces

Other types

Aquagenic urticaria

Water; sweat; lacrimation

Cholinergic urticaria

Increasing core body temperature (e.g. exercise; fever)

Contact urticaria

Contact (e.g. foods; plant components; latex; drugs, cosmetics; textiles)

  1. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs