Fig. 3

Nasal mucosal response to an oral food challenge with cow’s milk allergens. axis X-length of time in general, axis Y-optical density measured in OD, ΔE-optical density, T1-the beginning of the reaction (time), T2-time to achieve the highest response in the nasal cavity membrane. a The first assessment in the oral food challenge with cow’s milk allergens–(¼ of a muffin); ΔE = − 0.10OD, T1 = 15 s (0:15), T2 = 30 s (0:30). b The second assessment in the oral food challenge with cow’s milk allergens – (½ of a muffin); ΔE = − 0.08 OD, T1 = 709 s (11:49), T2 = 1287 s (21:27). c The third assessment in the oral food challenge with cow’s milk allergens–(¾ of a muffin); ΔE = − 0.07 OD, T1 = 12 s (0:12), T2 = 45 s (0:45). d The fourth assessment in the oral food challenge with cow’s milk allergens–(one whole muffin); ΔE = 0.47 OD, T1 = 1098 s (18:18), T2 = 1402 s (23:22)