Development and validation of a tool for the assessment of benefit from treatment of allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents (PBI-AR-K)

Janke, Toni Maria; Eisner, Elisabeth; Augustin, Matthias; Blome, Christine

doi:10.1186/s13223-022-00733-8

Table 6 Convergent validity of the PBI-AR-K global and subscale sores (in bold: significant correlations)

From: Development and validation of a tool for the assessment of benefit from treatment of allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents (PBI-AR-K)

		Children					Adolescents
		Global score	Treatment burden	Fatigue/ social life	Physical symptoms	Being outdoors	Global score	Treatment burden	Physical symptoms	Psychosocial burden
Physicians’ global judgement of patients' well-being^{†, a/t}	F/t	26.104	2.262	12.056	27.07	24.109	3.329	1.626	3.579	1.757
	p	< 0.001	0.076	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	0.109	0.001	0.087
	η²/d	0.248	0.029	0.14	0.256	0.237	0.756	0.387	0.813	0.42
	N	161	157	151	160	158	80	77	80	72
Patients’ global judgement of well-being^{†, a/t}	F/t	30.587	2.28	14.801	28.928	23.756	1.831	- 0.04	3.139	0.396
	p	< 0.001	0.106	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.071	0.968	0.002	0.693
	η²/d	0.284	0.03	0.171	0.274	0.239	0.415	- 0.009	0.712	0.095
	N	157	153	147	156	154	78	74	78	69
Changes in rhinitis severity^{‡, t}	t	- 3.671	- 0.712	-3.792	-4.304	-3.542	-1.35	- 0.872	- 2.112	- 1.28
	p	< 0.001	0.477	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	0.18	0.386	0.038	0.204
	d	- 0.702	- 0.138	-0.747	-0.824	-0.679	-0.383	- 0.249	- 0.6	- 0.39
	N	160	156	150	159	157	87	83	87	77
Change in conjunctivitis severity^{‡, t}	t	- 3.556	- 0.477	- 4.000	- 4.201	- 4.06	- 2.608	- 2.432	- 2.904	- 2.196
	p	0.001	0.634	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.011	0.017	0.005	0.032
	d	- 0.693	- 0.095	- 0.724	- 0.82	- 0.793	- 0.73	- 0.702	- 0.813	- 0.676
	N	151	147	143	149	149	79	75	79	69
Change in frequency rhinitis symptoms^{‡, t}	t	- 3.028	- 0.907	- 2.986	- 3.157	- 2.844	- 3.277	- 1.038	- 2.964	- 3.91
	p	0.003	0.367	0.004	0.001	0.005	0.002	0.303	0.004	< 0.001
	d	- 0.54	- 0.15	- 0.545	- 0.637	- 0.576	- 1.016	- 0.324	- 0.919	- 1.231
	N	123	120	116	123	120	65	62	65	58
Change in duration rhinitis symptoms^{‡, t}	t	- 2.693	- 1.212	- 3.453	- 2.849	- 3.233	- 1.592	0.178	- 1.667	- 2.739
	p	0.008	0.228	0.001	0.005	0.002	0.116	0.859	0.1	0.008
	d	-0.512	- 0.213	- 0.623	- 0.542	- 0.617	- 0.439	0.05	- 0.46	- 0.787
	N	121	117	115	120	119	67	64	67	59
Change in impaired sleep^{§, t}	t	- 4.763	- 1.819	- 3.755	- 4.300	- 4.546	- 1.632	- 1.161	- 1.578	- 2.27
	p	< 0.001	0.072	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.108	0.25	0.12	0.027
	d	- 1.011	- 0.392	-0.805	- 0.925	- 0.968	- 0.617	- 0.439	- 0.579	- 0.863
	N	115	112	109	114	113	63	63	63	59
Change in impaired activities^{§, t}	t	- 2.862	- 1.145	- 2.207	- 3.112	- 3.067	- 0.414	0.412	- 0.4	0.412
	p	0.005	0.254	0.029	0.002	0.003	0.68	0.682	0.69	0.675
	d	- 0.532	- 0.216	- 0.419	- 0.576	- 0.572	- 0.102	0.102	- 0.098	-0.106
	N	139	135	131	138	137	77	75	77	70
Change in impaired performance^{§, t}	t	- 2.108	- 0.045	- 1.922	- 2.050	- 2.516	- 1.032	0.108	- 1.138	- 0.988
	p	0.037	0.964	0.058	0.043	0.013	0.306	0.915	0.26	0.327
	d	- 0.507	- 0.011	- 0.472	-0.493	- 0.605	- 0.291	0.031	- 0.321	- 0.283
	N	103	100	100	103	103	65	63	65	60
Change in average impairment due to rhinitis symptoms^{¶, r}	r	- 0.438	- 0.216	- 0.337	- 0.426	- 0.431	- 0.424	- 0.309	- 0.492	- 0.318
	p	< 0.001	0.007	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.005	< 0.001	0.005
	N	159	156	149	158	156	87	83	87	77
Change in peak impairment due to rhinitis symptoms^{¶, r}	r	- 0.428	- 0.108	- 0.364	- 0.426	- 0.429	- 0.304	- 0.152	- 0.397	- 0.224
	p	< 0.001	0.178	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.004	0.173	< 0.001	0.051
	N	159	156	149	158	156	86	82	86	75

All variables are physician-reported, except ‘patients’ global judgement of well-being’, ‘change in average/peak impairment due to rhinitis symptoms’
F, F-value (based on analysis of variance [ANOVA]); t, t-value (based on t test); p, p-value (< 0.05 indicating significance); η², eta squared (effect size of ANOVA); d, Cohen’s d (effect size of t-test), N, number of participants
Response options included in this analysis:
^†children: ‘much better’ / ‘somewhat better’ / ‘unchanged’; adolescents: ‘much better’ / ‘somewhat better’ (response options ‘worse’ (children) and ‘unchanged’ / ‘worse’ (adolescents) were excluded from the analysis for having to few responses)
^‡ ‘did not decrease’ / ‘did decrease’
^§ ‘not normalised’ / ‘normalised’
^¶numeric visual analogue scale: ‘not at all disturbing’ (0) to ‘extremely disturbing’ (10)
Applied tests: ^aANOVA (convergent variables with more than two subgroups); ^t t test (convergent variable with two subgroups); ^r Pearson correlation (continuous convergent variable)

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