Articles

Improvement of exertional dyspnea and breathing pattern of inspiration to expiration after bronchial thermoplasty

Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a bronchoscopic treatment that can ameliorate the symptoms of severe asthma. However, little is known about the mechanism by which BT improves exertional dyspnea without signific...

Authors: Keisuke Miki, Mari Miki, Kenji Yoshimura, Kazuyuki Tsujino, Hiroyuki Kagawa, Yohei Oshitani, Yuko Ohara, Yuki Hosono, Ryuya Edahiro, Hiroyuki Kurebe and Seigo Kitada

First reported case in Canada of anaphylaxis to lupine in a child with peanut allergy

Lupine is a member of the legume family and is often used in many food products in Europe (e.g. pasta, pizza, sauces, etc.) as a wheat or soy substitute. Lupine cross-reacts with peanut, and cases of allergic ...

Authors: Lianne Soller, Sebastien La Vieille and Edmond S. Chan

The physician and hereditary angioedema friend or foe: 62-year diagnostic delay and iatrogenic procedures

Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by episodes of acute subcutaneous swelling, and/or recurrent severe abdominal pain. The dise...

Authors: Anna Valerieva, Marco Cicardi, James Baraniuk and Maria Staevska

Nine year follow-up of a rare case of angioedema due to acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency with late onset and good response to attenuated androgen

Angioedema due to acquired deficiency of C1-inhibitor (C1-INH-AAE) is a rare disease sharing some clinical and laboratory similarities with hereditary angioedema, but with late onset and no positive family his...

Authors: Polliana Mihaela Leru, Vlad Florin Anton and Horia Bumbea

Practicalities of a reduced volume formulation of a C1-INH concentrate for the treatment of hereditary angioedema: real-life experience

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency is characterized by recurrent swelling attacks that can be life-threatening if left untreated. Prompt treatment is vital during acut...

Authors: John Dempster

The law of food allergy and accommodation in Canadian schools

There is ongoing controversy surrounding the appropriate standards and limits of accommodation of children with food allergies in schools. We identify and explain how relevant Canadian common law, legislation,...

Authors: Blake Murdoch, Eric M. Adams and Timothy Caulfield

Pitfalls of immunotherapy: lessons from a patient with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency

Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks CD25, the high affinity alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor. Daclizumab therapy targets T regulatory cell and activated effector T cell prolife...

Authors: Leisa Rebecca Watson, Charlotte A. Slade, Samar Ojaimi, Sara Barnes, Pasquale Fedele, Prudence Smith, Justine Marum, Sebastian Lunke, Zornitza Stark, Matthew F. Hunter, Vanessa L. Bryant and Michael Sze Yuan Low

Oral immunotherapy with the ingestion of house dust mite extract in a murine model of allergic asthma

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) has the potential to modify allergic diseases, and it is also considered a potential therapy for allergic asthma. House dust mite (HDM) allergens, a common source of airb...

Authors: Yao-Tung Wang, Hsu-Chung Liu, Hui-Chen Chen, Yen-Ching Lee, Tung-Chou Tsai, Hsiao-Ling Chen, Hueng-Chuen Fan and Chuan-Mu Chen

Rhinosectan^® spray (containing xyloglucan) on the ciliary function of the nasal respiratory epithelium; results of an in vitro study

To assess the effects of Rhinosectan^® spray, a medical device containing xyloglucan, on nasal ciliary function (in MucilAir™Nasal cells).

Authors: Núria Piqué and Barbara De Servi

Correction to: Passive blood anaphylaxis: subcutaneous immunoglobulins are a cause of ongoing passive anaphylactic reaction

Upon publication of the original article [1], the authors reported the following funding information was omitted: Publication supported by Wroclaw Centre of Biotechnology, programme The Leading National Resear...

Authors: Przemyslaw Zdziarski, Andrzej Gamian, Jacek Majda and Agnieszka Korzeniowska‑Kowal

A bronchoprotective role for Rgs2 in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced airways inflammation

Asthma exacerbations are associated with the recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs. These cells release proteases and mediators, many of which act at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that couple via Gq to...

Authors: Tresa George, Mainak Chakraborty, Mark A. Giembycz and Robert Newton

An observational cohort study of the use of five-grass-pollen extract sublingual immunotherapy during the 2015 pollen season in France

Allergic rhinitis affects around one quarter of the Western European population. Prophylactic allergen immunotherapy may be useful to reduce the risk of acute symptomatic attacks (hayfever). A five-grass polle...

Authors: Patrick Blin, Pascal Demoly, Martine Drouet, Bruno Falissard, Séverine Lignot-Maleyran, Hélène Maizi, Simon Lorrain, Régis Lassalle, Cécile Droz-Perroteau, Nicholas Moore and Mathieu Molimard

Preliminary study on chronic granulomatous disease in Sri Lanka

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency of the phagocytic cells, which results in absent or diminished levels of microbicidal reactive oxygen species. The disease occurs due to g...

Authors: Shalinda Jude Arjuna Fernando, Noorul Mifra Faiz, Shiroma Mangaika Handunnetti, Aruna Dharshan De Silva, Wasala Mudiyanselage Dhanushka Kumari Dasanayake, Geethani Devika Wickramasinghe, Rathnayake Mudiyanselage Chandima Hasanthi Karunatilake and Nilhan Rajiva de Silva

Primary immunodeficiency

Primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) refers to a large heterogeneous group of disorders that result from defects in immune system development and/or function. PIDs are broadly classified as disorders of ada...

Authors: Christine McCusker, Julia Upton and Richard Warrington

Drug allergy

Drug allergy encompasses a spectrum of immunologically-mediated hypersensitivity reactions with varying mechanisms and clinical presentations. This type of adverse drug reaction not only affects patient qualit...

Authors: Richard Warrington, Fanny Silviu-Dan and Tiffany Wong

Urticaria and angioedema

Urticaria (hives) is a common disorder that often presents with angioedema (swelling that occurs beneath the skin). It is generally classified as acute or chronic. Second-generation, non-sedating, non-impairin...

Authors: Amin Kanani, Stephen D. Betschel and Richard Warrington

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic condition of the esophagus that has become increasingly recognized over the last 15 years. Diagnosis of the disorder is dependent on the patient’s clinical manifesta...

Authors: Stuart Carr, Edmond S. Chan and Wade Watson

Early introduction of foods to prevent food allergy

Food allergy is a growing public health problem, and in many affected individuals, the food allergy begins early in life and persists as a lifelong condition (e.g., peanut allergy). Although early clinical pra...

Authors: Edmond S. Chan, Elissa M. Abrams, Kyla J. Hildebrand and Wade Watson

Non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity

Non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food hypersensitivity includes a spectrum of disorders that predominantly affect the gastrointestinal tract. This review will focus on the following more common non-IgE-medi...

Authors: Lori Connors, Andrew O’Keefe, Lana Rosenfield and Harold Kim

IgE-mediated food allergy

Food allergy is defined as an adverse immunologic response to a food protein. Food-related reactions are associated with a broad range of signs and symptoms that may involve any body system, including the skin...

Authors: Susan Waserman, Philippe Bégin and Wade Watson

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal systemic allergic reaction with varied mechanisms and clinical presentations. Although prompt recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis are imperative, both patients a...

Authors: David Fischer, Timothy K. Vander Leek, Anne K. Ellis and Harold Kim

Allergen-specific immunotherapy

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is a potentially disease-modifying therapy that is effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, allergic asthma and stinging insect hypersensitivity. However...

Authors: William Moote, Harold Kim and Anne K. Ellis

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic skin disorder that can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals as well as their families. Although the pathogenesis of the disorder is not c...

Authors: Sandeep Kapur, Wade Watson and Stuart Carr

Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder that is strongly linked to asthma and conjunctivitis. It is usually a long-standing condition that often goes undetected in the primary-care setting. The classic symptoms...

Authors: Peter Small, Paul K. Keith and Harold Kim

Asthma

Asthma is the most common respiratory disorder in Canada. Despite significant improvement in the diagnosis and management of this disorder, the majority of Canadians with asthma remain poorly controlled. In mo...

Authors: Jaclyn Quirt, Kyla J. Hildebrand, Jorge Mazza, Francisco Noya and Harold Kim

An introduction to immunology and immunopathology

Beyond structural and chemical barriers to pathogens, the immune system has two fundamental lines of defense: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first immunological mechanism for fig...

Authors: Jean S. Marshall, Richard Warrington, Wade Watson and Harold L. Kim

Introduction from the Editors

Authors: Harold Kim, Richard Warrington and Wade Watson

A multi-stakeholder perspective on asthma care in Canada: findings from a mixed methods needs assessment in the treatment and management of asthma in adults

Although several aspects of asthma care have been identified as being sub-optimal in Canada, such as patient education, practice guideline adoption, and access to care, there remains a need to determine the ex...

Authors: Suzanne Murray, Sara Labbé, Alan Kaplan, Kristine Petrasko and Susan Waserman

Common allergies in urban adolescents and their relationships with asthma control and healthcare utilization

Urban adolescents suffer a disproportionate burden of asthma morbidity, often in association with allergies. Literature is limited on comparing various types of allergies regarding prevalence and associations ...

Authors: Hyekyun Rhee, Tanzy Love, Donald Harrington and Annette Grape

Effects of nasal dilator strips on subjective measures of sleep in subjects with chronic nocturnal nasal congestion: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

This exploratory study investigated effects of a new asymmetric butterfly-shaped prototype nasal dilator strip and the currently marketed clear Breathe Right Nasal Strip (BRNS) on subjective measures of nasal ...

Authors: Eric J. Schenkel, Renee Ciesla and Gilbert Marava Shanga

Unintentional injection to the bone with a pediatric epinephrine auto-injector

Skin-to-bone distance (STBD) in children prescribed a pediatric epinephrine auto-injector (EAI) for anaphylaxis is not commonly measured in practice. Recent evidence suggests that children with STBD less than ...

Authors: Mariam Ibrahim and Harold Kim

Timing of infections in patients with primary immunodeficiencies treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)

Patients with common variable immune deficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinemia are unable to produce their own antibodies thus leading to a higher incidence of recurrent infections, particularly those involvi...

Authors: Parwinder K. Gill and Stephen D. Betschel

Real-world outcomes in hereditary angioedema: first experience from the Icatibant Outcome Survey in the United Kingdom

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially life-threatening, bradykinin-mediated disease, often misdiagnosed and under-treated, with long diagnostic delays. There are limited real-world data on best-practice...

Authors: Hilary J. Longhurst, John Dempster, Lorena Lorenzo, Matthew Buckland, Sofia Grigoriadou, Christine Symons, Claire Bethune, Vincent Fabien, Catherine Bangs and Tomaz Garcez

Serum periostin levels following small bone fractures, long bone fractures and joint replacements: an observational study

In asthma, serum periostin may potentially be used as a biomarker in the management of patients with Type-2 eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, serum periostin may be influenced by factors other than Ty...

Authors: Rachel Varughese, Ruth Semprini, Claire Munro, James Fingleton, Cecile Holweg, Mark Weatherall, Richard Beasley and Irene Braithwaite

Interplay between acute phase response and coagulation/fibrinolysis in chronic spontaneous urticaria

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is associated with activation of systemic inflammatory response and coagulation/fibrinolysis.

Authors: R. Grzanka, A. Damasiewicz-Bodzek and A. Kasperska-Zajac

Regular follow-up visits reduce the risk for asthma exacerbation requiring admission in Korean adults with asthma

Asthma requires regular follow-up visits and sustained medication use. Although several studies have reported the importance of adherence to medication and compliance with the treatment, none to date have repo...

Authors: Hye Jung Park, Min Kwang Byun, Hyung Jung Kim, Chul Min Ahn, Chin Kook Rhee, Kyungjoo Kim, Bo Yeon Kim, Hye Won Bae and Kwang-Ha Yoo

Frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in Iranian chronic rhinosinusitis patients

Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammatory disease affecting paranasal sinuses. CRS is categorized into two distinct subgroups defined as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal pol...

Authors: Farhad Seif, Babak Ghalehbaghi, Hossein Aazami, Alireza Mohebbi, Aslan Ahmadi, Reza Falak, Pegah Babaheidarian, Mohammad Najafi, Majid Khoshmirsafa, Sahand Ghalehbaghi and Mehdi Shekarabi

A population-based epidemiological study of anaphylaxis using national big data in Korea: trends in age-specific prevalence and epinephrine use in 2010–2014

Previous reports on anaphylaxis in Asia are limited to relatively small-scale studies. We performed this study to identify the nationwide prevalence of anaphylaxis and epinephrine prescription rates by age gro...

Authors: Kyunguk Jeong, Jung-Dong Lee, Dae Ryong Kang and Sooyoung Lee

Heat-induced necrosis after bronchial thermoplasty: a new concern?

Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is an endoscopic procedure for the treatment of severe refractory asthma, based on the local airways delivery of radio-frequency at 65 °C. Several controlled clinical studies demons...

Authors: Francesco Menzella, Mirco Lusuardi, Carla Galeone, Gloria Montanari, Alberto Cavazza and Nicola Facciolongo

Prevalence of food allergens sensitization and food allergies in a group of allergic Honduran children

Food allergy is a public health problem that has increased in the last decade. Despite the increasing rates in children, quality data on the burden of these diseases is lacking particularly in developing count...

Authors: Victoria Alejandra Gonzales-González, Adolfo Martin Díaz, Karla Fernández and María Félix Rivera

Effect of artemisinin and neurectomy of pterygoid canal in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis mouse model

Allergic rhinitis (AR), characterized by sneezing, nasal itching and rhinorrhea, affects a large number of population. This study aimed to explore the effects of artemisinin alone or combined with neurectomy o...

Authors: Jian Li, Bin Wang, Yingying Luo, Yajie Bian and Ruipei Wang

Case report presenting the diagnostic challenges in a patient with recurrent acquired angioedema, antiphospholipid antibodies and undetectable C2 levels

Angioedema secondary to acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency (AAE) is a rare disease. It usually is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. We present a case of AAE in a patient with antiphospholipid syndro...

Authors: Arturo J. Bonnin, Charles DeBrosse, Terri Moncrief and G. Wendell Richmond

Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases

This review covers basic aspects of histone modification and the role of posttranslational histone modifications in the development of allergic diseases, including the immune mechanisms underlying this develop...

Authors: Bilal Alaskhar Alhamwe, Razi Khalaila, Johanna Wolf, Verena von Bülow, Hani Harb, Fahd Alhamdan, Charles S. Hii, Susan L. Prescott, Antonio Ferrante, Harald Renz, Holger Garn and Daniel P. Potaczek

Association between fractional exhaled nitric oxide, sputum induction and peripheral blood eosinophil in uncontrolled asthma

The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophils are biomarkers of eosinophilic airway inflammation used in the diagnosis and management of asthma, although induced sputum is the gold standard ...

Authors: Jie Gao and Feng Wu

The association between sexual dysfunctions and severity of symptoms in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria

Authors: Agnieszka Skrzypulec-Frankel, Katarzyna Bieniek and Alicja Kasperska-Zając

Loss of bronchoprotection to Salbutamol during sputum induction with hypertonic saline: implications for asthma therapy

Sputum induction with hypertonic saline in obstructive airway diseases is generally safe. However, saline induces bronchoconstriction in some patients despite pre-medication with Salbutamol. Our objectives wer...

Authors: Hongyu Wang, Melanie Kjarsgaard, Terence Ho, John D. Brannan and Parameswaran Nair

New onset colitis in an adult patient with chronic granulomatous disease treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a diagnostic dilemma

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections, granuloma formation and intestinal disease. This disease is c...

Authors: Kara Robertson, Stephen Couban, Desmond Leddin, Imran Ahmad and Lori Connors

Investigating the effectiveness of the Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seeds in mild asthma: a randomized controlled trial

Asthma is one of the important chronic diseases. The asthma prevalence is increasing in last decades. Despite the presence of good controller drugs like corticosteroids, about 60% of asthmatic patients use alt...

Authors: Majid Emtiazy, Laleh Oveidzadeh, Minoo Habibi, Leila Molaeipour, Daryush Talei, Zahra jafari, Mahmoud Parvin and Mohammad Kamalinejad

Severe, eosinophilic asthma in primary care in Canada: a longitudinal study of the clinical burden and economic impact based on linked electronic medical record data

Stratification of patients with severe asthma by blood eosinophil counts predicts responders to anti-interleukin (IL)-5 (mepolizumab and reslizumab) and anti-IL-5 receptor α (benralizumab) therapies. This stud...

Authors: Don Husereau, Jason Goodfield, Richard Leigh, Richard Borrelli, Michel Cloutier and Alain Gendron

The course of asthma during pregnancy in a recent, multicase–control study on respiratory health

Over the years it has been widely stated that approximately one-third of asthmatic women experience worsening of the disease during pregnancy. However, the literature has not been reviewed systematically and t...

Authors: A. Grosso, F. Locatelli, E. Gini, F. Albicini, C. Tirelli, I. Cerveri and A. G. Corsico