From: Predictors of allergen sensitization in Singapore children from birth to 3 years
Demographics | Never sensitized at both M18 and M36 | Sensitized at M18 | New sensitization at M36 among children non-sensitized at M18 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Sex | ||||
Female | 270 (48.7) | 48 (41.7) | 43 (45.7) | 0.4 |
Male | 284 (51.3) | 67 (58.3) | 51 (54.3) | |
Ethnicity | ||||
Chinese | 305 (55.1) | 66 (57.4) | 62 (65.3) | 0.049 |
Malay | 147 (26.5) | 38 (33.0) | 19 (20.0) | |
Indian | 102 (18.4) | 11 (9.6) | 14 (14.7) | |
No family history of allergy | 184 (51.1) | 35 (43.8) | 24 (40.7) | 0.2 |
Family history of allergy | 176 (48.9) | 45 (56.2) | 35 (59.3) | |
Vaginal delivery | 385 (69.5) | 77 (67.0) | 74 (79.6) | 0.1 |
Non-vaginal delivery | 169 (30.5) | 38 (33.0) | 19 (20.4) | |
Low breastfeeding | 242 (45.2) | 37 (33.9) | 26 (29.2) | <0.01 |
Intermediate breastfeeding | 227 (42.4) | 55 (50.5) | 55 (61.8) | |
High breastfeeding | 66 (12.3) | 17 (15.6) | 8 (9.0) | |
No antibiotic consumption in the first 6 months | 437 (84.2) | 98 (89.1) | 76 (88.4) | 0.3 |
Antibiotic consumption in the first 6 months | 82 (15.8) | 12 (10.9) | 10 (11.6) | |
No dog ownership at 12 months | 281 (92.7) | 55 (94.8) | 57 (98.3) | 0.3 |
Dog ownership at 12 months | 22 (7.3) | 3 (5.2) | 1 (1.7) | |
Not staying near an expressway at 12 months | 252 (83.4) | 43 (74.1) | 43 (74.1) | 0.1 |
Staying near an expressway at 12 months | 50 (16.6) | 15 (25.9) | 15 (25.9) | |
No exposure to smoke at 12 months | 196 (64.3) | 43 (72.9) | 42 (72.4) | 0.3 |
Exposure to smoke at 12 months | 109 (35.7) | 16 (27.1) | 16 (27.6) | |
Maternal education levels ≤12 years | 232 (42.2) | 43 (37.7) | 31 (33.3) | 0.2 |
Maternal education levels >12 years | 318 (57.8) | 71 (62.3) | 62 (66.7) |