Fig. 2

a Enhanced CD8⁺ T cells activation, increased the frequency of CECs, and alteration in the frequency of different monocyte subpopulations in the co-infected case. a Representative flow cytometry plots, and b cumulative data of percentages of CD38/ and c HLA-DR expression in CD8⁺ T cells from a HC, mono-and-co-infected individuals. d Representative plots, and e cumulative data of percentages of CD8⁺CD71⁺ T cells in the mono-infected compared to the co-infected case and a HC. f Flow cytometry plots showing percentages of CD71⁺CD235a⁺ cells in PBMCs from a HC, mono-and-co-infected individuals. g Flow cytometry plots of percentages of monocytes (CD14 +) in PBMCs from a HC, mono-and-co-infected individuals. h Percentages of different monocytes subpopulations (classical, non-classical, and intermediate monocytes) in PBMCs of the mono-infected cohort compared to the co-infected individual and a HC. i Flow cytometry plots of percentages of CD14⁺HLADR⁺ monocytes in the mono-infected cohort compared to the co-infected case and a HC. j The gating strategy and representative plots of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and their subpopulations either monocytic (M-MDSC) or granulocytic (G-MDSC) in PBMCs from a HC, mono-and-co-infected individuals