Fig. 1

Study design. All study variables (including those needed for patient selection) were collected from the databases using enrollment records, and ICD-10-CM, ICS-10-PCS, 4th edition CPT, Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System, and National Drug Codes, as appropriate. Eligible patients were identified as having sinus surgery if they had a CPT or ICD-10-PCS code for sinus surgery on a medical claim during the observation period. The duration between biologic use and surgery was assessed before and after surgery. The study period was limited based on the data available at the time of the study. CRSwNP, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps