Figure 5

Changes in fitness levels in exercise subjects. Subjects randomized to the exercise treatment group performed a mandated graded treadmill test to volitional fatigue using a modified version of the Bruce protocol both before and upon protocol completion. Fitness measures included A) VO₂ peak, B) HR peak, C) respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and D) total treadmill-time. Black bars indicate average responses in each group (*p ≤ 0.04 as compared with pre-study measurements; education: n = 8; exercise: n = 6).