Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the sample and descriptive statistics of outcome measures (N = 313)

Sex

 Male, n (%)

153 (49)

 Female, n (%)

160 (51)

Race

 White, n (%)

45 (14.4)

 Nonwhite

  Black or African American, n (%)

246 (78.6)

  Multi race, n (%)

19 (6.1)

  Others, n (%)

3 (0.9)

Hispanic/latino, n (%)

26 (8.3)

Age, mean (SD)

14.69 (1.96)

 12–14, n (%)

149 (47.6)

 15–17, n (%)

146 (46.6)

 18–20, n (%)

15 (4.8)

Annual household income

 ≤ $10,000, n (%)

93 (29.7)

 > $10,000 and ≤ $30,000, n (%)

86 (27.5)

 > $30,000 and ≤ $70,000, n (%)

80 (25.6)

 > $70,000, n (%)

45 (14.4)

Healthcare utilization

 Hospitalization nights, mean (SD), range

0.18 (0.80), 0–7

 ED visit, mean (SD), range

0.50 (1.62), 0–20

 Acute office visit, mean (SD), range

0.75 (1.38), 0–10

 Specialist visit, mean (SD), range

0.67 (1.59), 0–12

Asthma exacerbation, n (%)

83 (26)

Asthma control score, mean (SD), range

7.6 (2.8), 4–16