Table 3 Summary of main effects of quercetin on allergic diseases (in vitro and in vivo studies)

Allergic asthma

0.1–25 µM

16HBE14o

BALB/c

Blocks airway epithelial cell IL-8 and MCP-1 expression by attenuating the signaling through a PI-3 kinase/Akt/NF-κB pathway

Inhibits chemokine expression

Inhibits allergen sensitization, induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression, and airways hyperresponsiveness, in vivo

[32]

20 mg/kg

Spinal cord-tracheal smooth muscle

Male guinea pig

Caused significant bronchodilation, both in vivo and in vitro

[6]

30 mg/kg

Bone marrow-derived mast cells

BALB/c

Decrease allergen-induced development of airway hyperresponsiveness, TH2 responses in the lung, lung eosinophilia, and goblet cell metaplasia

[33]

Various dose

Min–max (5–20 mg/kg)

Eosonophil

BALB/c

Suppressive effects on eosinophil activation

[34]

30 mg/kg

Spleen-tracheal smooth muscle

A/J mice

Reduction of inflammatory cytokines production, tracheal rings relaxation and also reduction of the total number of cells in BALF and eosinophil peroxidase in lungs

[35]

100 μM

Human ASM cells

A/J mice

Attenuated PLC activity, decreased inositol phosphate synthesis, and decreased intracellular calcium responses to Gq-coupled agonists in vitro

Increase of airway resistance in vivo

[36]

–

Human ASM cells

BALB/c

Treat obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

[37]

Allergic rhinitis

20 mg/kg

HNEpC

BALB/c

Inhibited nasal symptoms and increased TRX levels in nasal lavage fluids

[47]

Atopic dermatitis

10 mg/ml

Skin biopsies

Hsd:ICR (CD-1) mice

Prevented the formation of skin lesions abrogating the various biochemical processes that cause epithelial loss and skin damage

[56]