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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions: demographic characteristics associated with perceived or probableg food allergy, n = 14,818

From: Demographic characteristics associated with food allergy in a Nationwide Canadian Study

Variable

Any perceived food allergy

Any of 9 probable food allergy

Univariable model

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Multivariable model

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Univariable model

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Multivariable model

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Age group (years)a

 0–17

0.91 (0.73, 1.12)

–

1.17 (0.91, 1.51)

1.95 (1.38, 2.75)

 ≥ 45

0.97 (0.83, 1.14)

0.69 (0.56, 0.86)

0.96 (0.78, 1.18)

–

Female

1.46 (1.25, 1.70)

1.49 (1.27, 1.74)

1.47 (1.20. 1.80)

1.49 (1.22, 1.82)

Race/ethnicityb

 South Asian

0.76 (0.55, 1.06)

–

0.77 (0.51. 1.17)

–

 Southeast/East Asian

0.85 (0.65, 1.11)

–

0.86 (0.62, 1.21)

–

 Black

0.84 (0.59, 1.19)

–

1.09 (0.72, 1.65)

–

 Indigenous

1.02 (0.71, 1.46)

–

0.72 (0.42, 1.23)

–

 Other

0.81 (0.61, 1.07)

–

0.84 (0.60, 1.18)

–

Immigration statusc

 New Canadians, immigrated < 10 years prior

0.45 (0.34, 0.61)

0.51 (0.38, 0.69)

0.39 (0.27, 0.57)

0.46 (0.30, 0.68)

 Immigrant ≥ 10 years

0.71 (0.59, 0.84)

0.75 (0.62, 0.92)

0.60 (0.47, 0.76)

0.64 (0.49, 0.82)

Post-secondary educationd

1.25 (1.06, 1.47)

1.20 (1.02, 1.43)h

1.33 (1.08, 1.64)

1.55 (1.23, 1.96)

Household income

 Income missing

1.02 (0.80, 1.32)

–

1.01 (0.72, 1.40)

–

 Low incomee

0.94 (0.77, 1.14)

–

0.96 (0.75, 1.21)

–

Household sizef

0.85 (0.80, 0.92)

0.82 (0.75, 0.90)

0.88 (0.81, 0.95)

0.85 (0.77, 0.94)

  1. Empty cells indicate the variable was not included in the selected model
  2. Boldface cells indicate significant results
  3. aFor univariable analysis, reference group is 18–44 years; For multivariable analysis, for perceived food allergy, reference group is 0–44 years and for probable food allergy, reference group is ≥ 18 years
  4. bRace/ethnicity options included: South Asian (e.g. East Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan), Southeast Asian (e.g. Cambodian, Filipino, Indonesian, Laotian, Vietnamese), East Asian (i.e., Chinese, Japanese, Korean), Black, Indigenous (self-identified with First Nations, Metis, or Inuit), Arab, Latin American, West Asian (e.g., Afghan, Iranian, Iraqi), white, or other. In the analysis, race/ethnicity was stratified as South Asian, Southeast/East Asian, Black, Indigenous, white, or other (Arab, Latin American, West Asian, other, multiple, and unknown race/ethnicity). Reference group: White
  5. cReference group: Canadian-born
  6. dChildren < 18 years were not asked this information. Reference group: adults without post-secondary education
  7. eLower-income Canadians were those whose self-reported before tax total household income was below the relevant low-income cut-off (LICO), as calculated yearly by Statistics Canada, for each of 7 household sizes and 5 community sizes. The LICO (before tax) is the income level at which families or unattached individuals spend on average 55% of before tax income on food, shelter, and clothing. Given we collected data on household income, household size, and postal code, we were able to ascertain if a household was below the LICO threshold [25]. Reference group: Households that were not low income
  8. fHousehold size is a continuous variable referring to number of members in the household
  9. gProbable food allergy was defined as any individual who was reported, by the household respondent, to have symptoms/signs compatible with a convincing history and/or a physician diagnosis of a peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish, sesame, milk, egg, wheat, and/or soy allergy. Refer to Additional file 1 for definition of convincing history
  10. hIndicates that the OR is no longer significant when the Bonferroni correction is applied
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Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology

ISSN: 1710-1492

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