Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study | Country | Non-randomized design | Definition RPL | Inclusion criteria | N | Intervention | Outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IVIG (mg/kg) | Cycles | Continued until (weeks of gestation) | |||||||
Ahmadi et al. (2019) | Iran | Prospective |  ≥ 3 PL before GA of 20 weeks | Age 18–40 years NK-cell number > 12% | 78 | 400 (ns) | Every 4 weeks Initiated after pregnancy confirmation | 30–32 | Live birth |
Jafarzadeh et al. (2019) | Iran | Prospective |  ≥ 3 PL before GA of 20 weeks | Age 18–41 years Immune system abnormality | 94 | 400 (Sandoglobulin) | Every 4 weeks Initiation not further defined | 32 | Live birth |
Mahmoud et al. (2004) | Kuwait/USA | Prospective | 3 PL between GA of 6 and 22 weeks | Positive for APS | 15 | 500 (ns) | Every 4Â weeks Initiated after pregnancy confirmation | 34 | Live birth |
Moraru et al. (2012) | Spain | Prospective |  ≥ 3 PL before GA of 20 weeks | NK-cell number > 12% NKT-like cells > 10% | 24 | 400 (Privigen or Flebogamma) | Every 3–4 weeks Initiated after pregnancy confirmation | 13 | Live birth |
200 (Privigen or Flebogamma) | Every 4Â weeks | 35 | |||||||
Perricone et al. (2008) | Italy | Prospective |  ≥ 3 PL | Systemic lupus erythematosus | 24 | 500 (Flebogamma) | Every 3 weeks Initiated after pregnancy confirmation | 33 | Live birth |
Ramos-Medina et al. (2014) | Spain | Retrospective |  ≥ 3 PL before GA of 20 weeks | NK-cell number > 12% NK-cell like number > 10% | 121 | 400 (Privigen or Flebogamma) | Every 3 weeks Initiated after pregnancy confirmation | 1st trimester | Live birth |
200 (Privigen or Flebogamma) | Every 4 weeks | 35–36 |  | ||||||
Stricker et al. (2005) | USA | Prospective |  ≥ 3 PL | Age > 28 years Abnormal immunologic tests including among others T-cell counts and NK-cell levels | 64 | 200 (Venoglobulin-S) | Every 4 weeks Initiated 2 weeks prior to planned conception | 26–30 | Live birth |
Winger et al. (2008) | USA | Retrospective |  ≥ 3 PL | Women with NK-cells > 15% or CD56 number > 12% were offered IVIG | 58 | 400 (ns) | At least once during cycle of conception and/or at least once after pregnancy confirmation | – | Live birth |