Fig. 2
From: The new era of add-on asthma treatments: where do we stand?
a Cross-section and histology of airways in a normal person and a patient with asthma. b Pathways of inflammatory responses, biomarkers, and mechanism of action of various therapeutic agents. β2-AR β2-adrenergic receptor, CS corticosteroids, CRTH2 chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells, FcεR Fcε receptor, IFN interferon, Ig immunoglobulin, IL interleukin, ILC2 innate lymphoid cell type 2, LABA long-acting β2-agonist, MMP-9 matrix metallopeptidase 9, M3R muscarinic receptor type 3, PGD2 prostaglandin D2, TCR T-cell receptor, TGF tumor growth factor, TNF tumor necrosis factor, Th T helper, TSLP thymic stromal lymphopoietin