Articles

A systematic review of epinephrine stability and sterility with storage in a syringe

Epinephrine is a lifesaving medication in the treatment of anaphylaxis. Epinephrine auto-injectors are the preferred method of epinephrine administration, but are not universally available or affordable. Littl...

Authors: Hannah G. Parish, Jacquelyn R. Morton and Julie C. Brown

Immediate hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycols in unrelated products: when standardization in the nomenclature of the components of drugs, cosmetics, and food becomes necessary

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives are non-ionic polymers of ethylene oxide commercially available with numerous synonyms, such as macrogol, oxyethylene polymer, and laureth-9. Although these po...

Authors: Vicente Jover Cerdá, Ramón Rodríguez Pacheco, Joan Doménech Witek, Francisco Manuel Marco de la Calle and María Luz de la Sen Fernández

Changing the culture is a marathon not a sprint

Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) is built upon the premise that involving knowledge users as partners in the research process will result in science that is more relevant to the public and therefore will...

Authors: Jenna Dixon and Susan J. Elliott

Retrospective analysis of aeroallergen’s sensitization patterns in Edmonton, Canada

Sensitization to common environmental aeroallergens plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and severity of respiratory allergic disorders, specifically asthma and allergic rhinitis. Understanding sensiti...

Authors: Hanan Ahmed, Maria B. Ospina, Kyriaki Sideri and Harissios Vliagoftis

West Nile virus encephalitis in GATA2 deficiency

We report a male with longstanding warts who presented with severe West Nile virus encephalitis (WNVE) and recovered after interferon alfa-2b and intravenous immunoglobulin. He was later found to have GATA2 de...

Authors: Jaime S. Rosa, Shanthi Kappagoda, Amy P. Hsu, Joie Davis, Steven M. Holland and Anne Y. Liu

Dermatomyositis associated with omalizumab therapy for severe asthma: a case report

Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody widely used for treatment of persistent allergic asthma and antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria. Immediate adverse events to omalizumab are well characteriz...

Authors: Samira Jeimy, Pari Basharat and Fiona Lovegrove

A retrospective study of clinical features of cough variant asthma in Chinese adults

Clinical features of cough variant asthma (CVA) in Chinese adults are largely uncertain.

Authors: Weiping Liu, Huaping Chen, Dehua Zhang, Feng Wu and Liqin Zhou

IL2RG hypomorphic mutation: identification of a novel pathogenic mutation in exon 8 and a review of the literature

Atypical X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a variant of cellular immunodeficiency due to hypomorphic mutations in the interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2RG) gene. Due to a leaky clinical phenoty...

Authors: Che Kang Lim, Hassan Abolhassani, Sofia K. Appelberg, Mikael Sundin and Lennart Hammarström

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome: a case report of a rare disease with overlapping features

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare, neuro-mucocutaneous disease which presents as orofacial swelling, facial palsy and fissured tongue. These symptoms may occur simultaneously or, more frequently, w...

Authors: Mauro Cancian, Stefano Giovannini, Annalisa Angelini, Marny Fedrigo, Raffaele Bendo, Riccardo Senter and Stefano Sivolella

Airway reversibility in asthma and phenotypes of Th2-biomarkers, lung function and disease control

High bronchodilator reversibility in adult asthma is associated with distinct clinical characteristics. In this study, we aim to make a comparison with T-helper 2 (Th2)-related biomarkers, lung function and as...

Authors: Jianghong Wei, Libing Ma, Jiying Wang, Qing Xu, Meixi Chen, Ming Jiang, Miao Luo, Jingjie Wu, Weiwei She, Shuyuan Chu and Biwen Mo

Dose omission to shorten methacholine challenge testing: clinical consequences of the use of a 10% fall in FEV₁ threshold

In methacholine challenge testing (MCT), skipping a methacholine dose is suggested if FEV₁ falls by < 5%. Using a larger threshold may further shorten test duration, but data supporting this hypothesis is lacking...

Authors: Valérie Lévesque, Claude Poirier and Bruno-Pierre Dubé

Serum periostin levels in adults of Chinese descent: an observational study

Periostin has been shown to be a marker of Type 2 airway inflammation, associated with airway eosinophilia. It has a potential role in identifying asthmatics who may be responsive to treatment with monoclonal ...

Authors: Evan Tan, Rachel Varughese, Ruth Semprini, Barney Montgomery, Cecile Holweg, Julie Olsson, Rachel Caswell-Smith, James Fingleton, Mark Weatherall, Richard Beasley and Irene Braithwaite

Superior effect of MP-AzeFlu than azelastine or fluticasone propionate alone on reducing inflammatory markers

MP-AzeFlu, intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) and fluticasone propionate (FP), is superior to AZE or FP alone for treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the precise anti-inflammato...

Authors: Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Laura Pujols, Maria Pérez-González, Isam Alobid, Borja Callejas, Sònia Vicens-Artés, Mireya Fuentes, Antonio Valero, César Picado, Dennis Castor, DucTung Nguyen and Joaquim Mullol

Review of cold-induced urticaria characteristics, diagnosis and management in a Western Canadian allergy practice

Cold-induced urticaria is a significant condition, especially among young females. Despite the morbidity of this disease, studies that fully characterize the disease are limited.

Authors: Peter Stepaniuk, Kateryna Vostretsova and Amin Kanani

Environmental exposure to agrochemicals and allergic diseases in preschool children in high grown tea plantations of Sri Lanka

Exposure to agrochemicals is one of the many aetiological agents, postulated to cause allergic diseases. In this study, we have compared the prevalence of allergic diseases among preschool children growing in ...

Authors: Sanath Thushara Kudagammana and Keerthi Mohotti

Eligibility of monoclonal antibody-based therapy for patients with severe asthma: a Canadian cross-sectional perspective

Based on immunologic phenotypes underlying asthma, use of monoclonal antibody based therapies is becoming the new standard of care for severe, corticosteroid refractory clinical symptoms. Patients may qualify ...

Authors: Samira Jeimy, Michael William Tsoulis, Julie Hachey and Harold Kim

The diagnosis of hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency: a survey of Canadian physicians and laboratories

Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease resulting in random and unpredictable attacks of swelling. The swelling in C1-INH-HAE is a result of impaired ...

Authors: Xavier Charest-Morin, Stephen Betschel, Rozita Borici-Mazi, Amin Kanani, Gina Lacuesta, Georges-Étienne Rivard, Eric Wagner, Susan Wasserman, Bill Yang and Christian Drouet

Prevalence of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in a rural area of northern China based on sensitization to specific aeroallergens

Most epidemiologic studies reporting prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) have assessed solely self-reported prevalence, without confirmation by objective measures. Furthermore, ...

Authors: Yanran Huang, Yuan Zhang and Luo Zhang

Characterization of tenascin-C as a novel biomarker for asthma: utility of tenascin-C in combination with periostin or immunoglobulin E

Extracellular matrix proteins tenascin-C (TNC) and periostin, which were identified as T-helper cell type 2 cytokine-induced genes in human bronchial epithelial cells, accumulate in the airway basement membran...

Authors: Mina Yasuda, Norihiro Harada, Sonoko Harada, Ayako Ishimori, Yoko Katsura, Yukinari Itoigawa, Kei Matsuno, Fumihiko Makino, Jun Ito, Junya Ono, Kazunori Tobino, Hisaya Akiba, Ryo Atsuta, Kenji Izuhara and Kazuhisa Takahashi

Fetal cord blood and tissue immune responses to chronic placental inflammation and chorioamnionitis

Chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for future asthma development. Animal models of chorioamnionitis demonstrate increased T_H17-to-T_reg ratios associated with proinflammatory cytokine elevations. The association of...

Authors: Anne Marie Singh, Michael G. Sherenian, Kwang-Youn Kim, Kristin A. Erickson, Amy Yang, Karen Mestan, Linda M. Ernst and Rajesh Kumar

The clinical burden of allergic rhinitis in five Middle Eastern countries: results of the SNAPSHOT program

The SNAPSHOT program provides current data on the allergic rhinitis burden in the adult general population of five Middle Eastern countries (Egypt, Turkey, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, th...

Authors: Ahmed Al-Digheari, Bassam Mahboub, Hesham Tarraf, Taskin Yucel, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Adam Doble, Aaicha Lahlou, Luqman Tariq, Fayaz Aziz and Abdelkader El Hasnaoui

Subcutaneous immunotherapy induces alterations in monocytes and dendritic cells homeostasis in allergic rhinitis patients

Specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) can achieve long-term remission in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) through complex and still unknown mechanisms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect ...

Authors: Letícia Sousa, Carmen Martín-Sierra, Celso Pereira, Graça Loureiro, Beatriz Tavares, Susana Pedreiro, António Martinho and Artur Paiva

Hematopoietic cell transplantation for asymptomatic X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1 (XLP1) is a rare primary immune deficiency, which is caused by SH2D1A gene mutations. XLP1 is commonly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocyti...

Authors: Akihiro Tamura, Suguru Uemura, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Atsuro Saito, Aiko Kozaki, Kenji Kishimoto, Toshiaki Ishida, Daiichiro Hasegawa, Haruka Hiroki, Tsubasa Okano, Kohsuke Imai, Tomohiro Morio, Hirokazu Kanegane and Yoshiyuki Kosaka

Aberrant localization of FOXJ1 correlates with the disease severity and comorbidities in patients with nasal polyps

Upper airway inflammatory diseases are associated with abnormal expression of nasal epithelial forkhead-box J1 (FOXJ1) which regulates motile cilia formation. We sought to investigate whether aberrant FOXJ1 lo...

Authors: Yang Peng, Wei-jie Guan, Kai Sen Tan, Zhenchao Zhu, Zhuo Chen, Haiyu Hong, Zhaoni Wang, Tengfei Tian, Xiaoxue Zi, Yew Kwang Ong, Mark Thong, Li Shi, Qintai Yang, Qianhui Qiu and De-Yun Wang

Aetiology of anaphylaxis in patients referred to an immunology clinic in Colombo, Sri Lanka

The aetiology of anaphylaxis differs according to types of foods consumed, fauna and foliage and cultural practices. Although the aetiology of anaphylaxis in Western countries are well known, the causes in Sou...

Authors: Nilhan Rajiva de Silva, W. M. D. K. Dasanayake, Chandima Karunatilake, Geethani Devika Wickramasingha, B. D. De Silva and Gathsauri Neelika Malavige

Component resolved analysis of ash pollen allergy in Bavaria

Sensitization to ash pollen is underestimated in various regions. The prevalence in Germany is about 10%. However, allergy to ash pollen is widely overlooked by allergists, since the pollination period of ash ...

Authors: Katharina Eder, Donata Gellrich, Catalina Meßmer, Martin Canis and Moritz Gröger

Sweet syndrome: a rare feature of ANCA-associated vasculitis or unusual consequence of azathioprine-induced treatment

Sweet syndrome is a rare skin condition characterised by fever, neutrophilia, and tender erythematous skin lesions and has been reported to occur in association with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANC...

Authors: A. U. Arun Kumar, Mohamed E. Elsayed, Ahmed Alghali, Alaa A. Ali, Husham Mohamed, Wael Hussein, Catriona Hackett, Niamh Leonard and Austin G. Stack

Unraveling the enigma: elucidating the relationship between the physicochemical properties of aluminium-based adjuvants and their immunological mechanisms of action

Aluminium salts are by far the most commonly used adjuvants in vaccines. There are only two aluminium salts which are used in clinically-approved vaccines, Alhydrogel^® and AdjuPhos^®, while the novel aluminium adj...

Authors: Emma Shardlow, Matthew Mold and Christopher Exley

Rash induced by enteral vancomycin therapy in an older patient in a long-term care ventilator unit: case report and review of the literature

Oral vancomycin is a first-line treatment for severe Clostridium difficile colitis. Oral vancomycin is perceived to lack systemic absorption or systemic adverse effects; however, a few cases of hypersensitivity t...

Authors: Jeremy Barron, Adolfo Lattes and Esther-Lee Marcus

First-reported pediatric cases of American ginseng anaphylaxis and allergy

Ginseng is a perennial herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, which has become increasingly popular world-wide due to its proposed medicinal effects. There are two major species of ginseng, Panax ginseng (Kor...

Authors: Stephanie C. Erdle, Edmond S. Chan, Hyungjun Yang, Bruce A. Vallance, Christopher Mill and Tiffany Wong

Hyper IgE recurrent infection syndrome in South Asia: is there a different outcome?

Hyper IgE recurrent infection syndrome (HIES) is a rare immune deficiency, characterized by recurrent staphylococcal skin and lung abscesses, pneumonia and increased IgE levels. The majority of autosomal domin...

Authors: Rajiva de Silva, Dhanushka Dasanayake, Manouri Senanayake, Ramya Ediriweera, Savithri Dias, Chandima Karunatilleke, Karen Brocas, Fariba Tahami and Suranjith Seneviratne

Perinatal antibiotic exposure alters composition of murine gut microbiota and may influence later responses to peanut antigen

Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota shapes developmental processes within the immune system. Early life antibiotic use is one factor which may contribute to immune dysfunction and the recent...

Authors: Rozlyn C. T. Boutin, Zach Dwyer, Kyle Farmer, Chris Rudyk, Mark R. Forbes and Shawn Hayley

Anaphylactic reaction in patient allergic to mango

An allergy to mango is extremely rare. The antigenic composition of the fruit is not fully known. Profilin from mango has a structure similar to birch tree profiling: it is responsible for cross-reactions betw...

Authors: Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska, Ewa Gawrońska-Ukleja, Kinga Lis, Magdalena Żbikowska-Gotz, Łukasz Sokołowski and Zbigniew Bartuzi

Improvement of exertional dyspnea and breathing pattern of inspiration to expiration after bronchial thermoplasty

Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a bronchoscopic treatment that can ameliorate the symptoms of severe asthma. However, little is known about the mechanism by which BT improves exertional dyspnea without signific...

Authors: Keisuke Miki, Mari Miki, Kenji Yoshimura, Kazuyuki Tsujino, Hiroyuki Kagawa, Yohei Oshitani, Yuko Ohara, Yuki Hosono, Ryuya Edahiro, Hiroyuki Kurebe and Seigo Kitada

First reported case in Canada of anaphylaxis to lupine in a child with peanut allergy

Lupine is a member of the legume family and is often used in many food products in Europe (e.g. pasta, pizza, sauces, etc.) as a wheat or soy substitute. Lupine cross-reacts with peanut, and cases of allergic ...

Authors: Lianne Soller, Sebastien La Vieille and Edmond S. Chan

The physician and hereditary angioedema friend or foe: 62-year diagnostic delay and iatrogenic procedures

Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by episodes of acute subcutaneous swelling, and/or recurrent severe abdominal pain. The dise...

Authors: Anna Valerieva, Marco Cicardi, James Baraniuk and Maria Staevska

Nine year follow-up of a rare case of angioedema due to acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency with late onset and good response to attenuated androgen

Angioedema due to acquired deficiency of C1-inhibitor (C1-INH-AAE) is a rare disease sharing some clinical and laboratory similarities with hereditary angioedema, but with late onset and no positive family his...

Authors: Polliana Mihaela Leru, Vlad Florin Anton and Horia Bumbea

Practicalities of a reduced volume formulation of a C1-INH concentrate for the treatment of hereditary angioedema: real-life experience

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency is characterized by recurrent swelling attacks that can be life-threatening if left untreated. Prompt treatment is vital during acut...

Authors: John Dempster

The law of food allergy and accommodation in Canadian schools

There is ongoing controversy surrounding the appropriate standards and limits of accommodation of children with food allergies in schools. We identify and explain how relevant Canadian common law, legislation,...

Authors: Blake Murdoch, Eric M. Adams and Timothy Caulfield

Pitfalls of immunotherapy: lessons from a patient with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency

Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks CD25, the high affinity alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor. Daclizumab therapy targets T regulatory cell and activated effector T cell prolife...

Authors: Leisa Rebecca Watson, Charlotte A. Slade, Samar Ojaimi, Sara Barnes, Pasquale Fedele, Prudence Smith, Justine Marum, Sebastian Lunke, Zornitza Stark, Matthew F. Hunter, Vanessa L. Bryant and Michael Sze Yuan Low

Oral immunotherapy with the ingestion of house dust mite extract in a murine model of allergic asthma

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) has the potential to modify allergic diseases, and it is also considered a potential therapy for allergic asthma. House dust mite (HDM) allergens, a common source of airb...

Authors: Yao-Tung Wang, Hsu-Chung Liu, Hui-Chen Chen, Yen-Ching Lee, Tung-Chou Tsai, Hsiao-Ling Chen, Hueng-Chuen Fan and Chuan-Mu Chen

Rhinosectan^® spray (containing xyloglucan) on the ciliary function of the nasal respiratory epithelium; results of an in vitro study

To assess the effects of Rhinosectan^® spray, a medical device containing xyloglucan, on nasal ciliary function (in MucilAir™Nasal cells).

Authors: Núria Piqué and Barbara De Servi

Correction to: Passive blood anaphylaxis: subcutaneous immunoglobulins are a cause of ongoing passive anaphylactic reaction

Upon publication of the original article [1], the authors reported the following funding information was omitted: Publication supported by Wroclaw Centre of Biotechnology, programme The Leading National Resear...

Authors: Przemyslaw Zdziarski, Andrzej Gamian, Jacek Majda and Agnieszka Korzeniowska‑Kowal

A bronchoprotective role for Rgs2 in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced airways inflammation

Asthma exacerbations are associated with the recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs. These cells release proteases and mediators, many of which act at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that couple via Gq to...

Authors: Tresa George, Mainak Chakraborty, Mark A. Giembycz and Robert Newton

An observational cohort study of the use of five-grass-pollen extract sublingual immunotherapy during the 2015 pollen season in France

Allergic rhinitis affects around one quarter of the Western European population. Prophylactic allergen immunotherapy may be useful to reduce the risk of acute symptomatic attacks (hayfever). A five-grass polle...

Authors: Patrick Blin, Pascal Demoly, Martine Drouet, Bruno Falissard, Séverine Lignot-Maleyran, Hélène Maizi, Simon Lorrain, Régis Lassalle, Cécile Droz-Perroteau, Nicholas Moore and Mathieu Molimard

Preliminary study on chronic granulomatous disease in Sri Lanka

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency of the phagocytic cells, which results in absent or diminished levels of microbicidal reactive oxygen species. The disease occurs due to g...

Authors: Shalinda Jude Arjuna Fernando, Noorul Mifra Faiz, Shiroma Mangaika Handunnetti, Aruna Dharshan De Silva, Wasala Mudiyanselage Dhanushka Kumari Dasanayake, Geethani Devika Wickramasinghe, Rathnayake Mudiyanselage Chandima Hasanthi Karunatilake and Nilhan Rajiva de Silva

Non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity

Non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food hypersensitivity includes a spectrum of disorders that predominantly affect the gastrointestinal tract. This review will focus on the following more common non-IgE-medi...

Authors: Lori Connors, Andrew O’Keefe, Lana Rosenfield and Harold Kim

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal systemic allergic reaction with varied mechanisms and clinical presentations. Although prompt recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis are imperative, both patients a...

Authors: David Fischer, Timothy K. Vander Leek, Anne K. Ellis and Harold Kim

An introduction to immunology and immunopathology

Beyond structural and chemical barriers to pathogens, the immune system has two fundamental lines of defense: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first immunological mechanism for fig...

Authors: Jean S. Marshall, Richard Warrington, Wade Watson and Harold L. Kim

Introduction from the Editors

Authors: Harold Kim, Richard Warrington and Wade Watson