Articles

Primary immunodeficiency

Primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) refers to a large heterogeneous group of disorders that result from defects in immune system development and/or function. PIDs are broadly classified as disorders of ada...

Authors: Christine McCusker, Julia Upton and Richard Warrington

Drug allergy

Drug allergy encompasses a spectrum of immunologically-mediated hypersensitivity reactions with varying mechanisms and clinical presentations. This type of adverse drug reaction not only affects patient qualit...

Authors: Richard Warrington, Fanny Silviu-Dan and Tiffany Wong

Urticaria and angioedema

Urticaria (hives) is a common disorder that often presents with angioedema (swelling that occurs beneath the skin). It is generally classified as acute or chronic. Second-generation, non-sedating, non-impairin...

Authors: Amin Kanani, Stephen D. Betschel and Richard Warrington

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic condition of the esophagus that has become increasingly recognized over the last 15 years. Diagnosis of the disorder is dependent on the patient’s clinical manifesta...

Authors: Stuart Carr, Edmond S. Chan and Wade Watson

Early introduction of foods to prevent food allergy

Food allergy is a growing public health problem, and in many affected individuals, the food allergy begins early in life and persists as a lifelong condition (e.g., peanut allergy). Although early clinical pra...

Authors: Edmond S. Chan, Elissa M. Abrams, Kyla J. Hildebrand and Wade Watson

Non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity

Non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food hypersensitivity includes a spectrum of disorders that predominantly affect the gastrointestinal tract. This review will focus on the following more common non-IgE-medi...

Authors: Lori Connors, Andrew O’Keefe, Lana Rosenfield and Harold Kim

IgE-mediated food allergy

Food allergy is defined as an adverse immunologic response to a food protein. Food-related reactions are associated with a broad range of signs and symptoms that may involve any body system, including the skin...

Authors: Susan Waserman, Philippe Bégin and Wade Watson

Allergen-specific immunotherapy

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is a potentially disease-modifying therapy that is effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, allergic asthma and stinging insect hypersensitivity. However...

Authors: William Moote, Harold Kim and Anne K. Ellis

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic skin disorder that can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals as well as their families. Although the pathogenesis of the disorder is not c...

Authors: Sandeep Kapur, Wade Watson and Stuart Carr

Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder that is strongly linked to asthma and conjunctivitis. It is usually a long-standing condition that often goes undetected in the primary-care setting. The classic symptoms...

Authors: Peter Small, Paul K. Keith and Harold Kim

Asthma

Asthma is the most common respiratory disorder in Canada. Despite significant improvement in the diagnosis and management of this disorder, the majority of Canadians with asthma remain poorly controlled. In mo...

Authors: Jaclyn Quirt, Kyla J. Hildebrand, Jorge Mazza, Francisco Noya and Harold Kim

An introduction to immunology and immunopathology

Beyond structural and chemical barriers to pathogens, the immune system has two fundamental lines of defense: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first immunological mechanism for fig...

Authors: Jean S. Marshall, Richard Warrington, Wade Watson and Harold L. Kim

A multi-stakeholder perspective on asthma care in Canada: findings from a mixed methods needs assessment in the treatment and management of asthma in adults

Although several aspects of asthma care have been identified as being sub-optimal in Canada, such as patient education, practice guideline adoption, and access to care, there remains a need to determine the ex...

Authors: Suzanne Murray, Sara Labbé, Alan Kaplan, Kristine Petrasko and Susan Waserman

Common allergies in urban adolescents and their relationships with asthma control and healthcare utilization

Urban adolescents suffer a disproportionate burden of asthma morbidity, often in association with allergies. Literature is limited on comparing various types of allergies regarding prevalence and associations ...

Authors: Hyekyun Rhee, Tanzy Love, Donald Harrington and Annette Grape

Effects of nasal dilator strips on subjective measures of sleep in subjects with chronic nocturnal nasal congestion: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

This exploratory study investigated effects of a new asymmetric butterfly-shaped prototype nasal dilator strip and the currently marketed clear Breathe Right Nasal Strip (BRNS) on subjective measures of nasal ...

Authors: Eric J. Schenkel, Renee Ciesla and Gilbert Marava Shanga

Unintentional injection to the bone with a pediatric epinephrine auto-injector

Skin-to-bone distance (STBD) in children prescribed a pediatric epinephrine auto-injector (EAI) for anaphylaxis is not commonly measured in practice. Recent evidence suggests that children with STBD less than ...

Authors: Mariam Ibrahim and Harold Kim

Timing of infections in patients with primary immunodeficiencies treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)

Patients with common variable immune deficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinemia are unable to produce their own antibodies thus leading to a higher incidence of recurrent infections, particularly those involvi...

Authors: Parwinder K. Gill and Stephen D. Betschel

Real-world outcomes in hereditary angioedema: first experience from the Icatibant Outcome Survey in the United Kingdom

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially life-threatening, bradykinin-mediated disease, often misdiagnosed and under-treated, with long diagnostic delays. There are limited real-world data on best-practice...

Authors: Hilary J. Longhurst, John Dempster, Lorena Lorenzo, Matthew Buckland, Sofia Grigoriadou, Christine Symons, Claire Bethune, Vincent Fabien, Catherine Bangs and Tomaz Garcez

Serum periostin levels following small bone fractures, long bone fractures and joint replacements: an observational study

In asthma, serum periostin may potentially be used as a biomarker in the management of patients with Type-2 eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, serum periostin may be influenced by factors other than Ty...

Authors: Rachel Varughese, Ruth Semprini, Claire Munro, James Fingleton, Cecile Holweg, Mark Weatherall, Richard Beasley and Irene Braithwaite

Interplay between acute phase response and coagulation/fibrinolysis in chronic spontaneous urticaria

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is associated with activation of systemic inflammatory response and coagulation/fibrinolysis.

Authors: R. Grzanka, A. Damasiewicz-Bodzek and A. Kasperska-Zajac

Regular follow-up visits reduce the risk for asthma exacerbation requiring admission in Korean adults with asthma

Asthma requires regular follow-up visits and sustained medication use. Although several studies have reported the importance of adherence to medication and compliance with the treatment, none to date have repo...

Authors: Hye Jung Park, Min Kwang Byun, Hyung Jung Kim, Chul Min Ahn, Chin Kook Rhee, Kyungjoo Kim, Bo Yeon Kim, Hye Won Bae and Kwang-Ha Yoo

Frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in Iranian chronic rhinosinusitis patients

Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammatory disease affecting paranasal sinuses. CRS is categorized into two distinct subgroups defined as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal pol...

Authors: Farhad Seif, Babak Ghalehbaghi, Hossein Aazami, Alireza Mohebbi, Aslan Ahmadi, Reza Falak, Pegah Babaheidarian, Mohammad Najafi, Majid Khoshmirsafa, Sahand Ghalehbaghi and Mehdi Shekarabi

A population-based epidemiological study of anaphylaxis using national big data in Korea: trends in age-specific prevalence and epinephrine use in 2010–2014

Previous reports on anaphylaxis in Asia are limited to relatively small-scale studies. We performed this study to identify the nationwide prevalence of anaphylaxis and epinephrine prescription rates by age gro...

Authors: Kyunguk Jeong, Jung-Dong Lee, Dae Ryong Kang and Sooyoung Lee

Heat-induced necrosis after bronchial thermoplasty: a new concern?

Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is an endoscopic procedure for the treatment of severe refractory asthma, based on the local airways delivery of radio-frequency at 65 °C. Several controlled clinical studies demons...

Authors: Francesco Menzella, Mirco Lusuardi, Carla Galeone, Gloria Montanari, Alberto Cavazza and Nicola Facciolongo

Prevalence of food allergens sensitization and food allergies in a group of allergic Honduran children

Food allergy is a public health problem that has increased in the last decade. Despite the increasing rates in children, quality data on the burden of these diseases is lacking particularly in developing count...

Authors: Victoria Alejandra Gonzales-González, Adolfo Martin Díaz, Karla Fernández and María Félix Rivera

Effect of artemisinin and neurectomy of pterygoid canal in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis mouse model

Allergic rhinitis (AR), characterized by sneezing, nasal itching and rhinorrhea, affects a large number of population. This study aimed to explore the effects of artemisinin alone or combined with neurectomy o...

Authors: Jian Li, Bin Wang, Yingying Luo, Yajie Bian and Ruipei Wang

Case report presenting the diagnostic challenges in a patient with recurrent acquired angioedema, antiphospholipid antibodies and undetectable C2 levels

Angioedema secondary to acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency (AAE) is a rare disease. It usually is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. We present a case of AAE in a patient with antiphospholipid syndro...

Authors: Arturo J. Bonnin, Charles DeBrosse, Terri Moncrief and G. Wendell Richmond

Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases

This review covers basic aspects of histone modification and the role of posttranslational histone modifications in the development of allergic diseases, including the immune mechanisms underlying this develop...

Authors: Bilal Alaskhar Alhamwe, Razi Khalaila, Johanna Wolf, Verena von Bülow, Hani Harb, Fahd Alhamdan, Charles S. Hii, Susan L. Prescott, Antonio Ferrante, Harald Renz, Holger Garn and Daniel P. Potaczek

Association between fractional exhaled nitric oxide, sputum induction and peripheral blood eosinophil in uncontrolled asthma

The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophils are biomarkers of eosinophilic airway inflammation used in the diagnosis and management of asthma, although induced sputum is the gold standard ...

Authors: Jie Gao and Feng Wu

The association between sexual dysfunctions and severity of symptoms in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria

Authors: Agnieszka Skrzypulec-Frankel, Katarzyna Bieniek and Alicja Kasperska-Zając

Loss of bronchoprotection to Salbutamol during sputum induction with hypertonic saline: implications for asthma therapy

Sputum induction with hypertonic saline in obstructive airway diseases is generally safe. However, saline induces bronchoconstriction in some patients despite pre-medication with Salbutamol. Our objectives wer...

Authors: Hongyu Wang, Melanie Kjarsgaard, Terence Ho, John D. Brannan and Parameswaran Nair

New onset colitis in an adult patient with chronic granulomatous disease treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a diagnostic dilemma

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections, granuloma formation and intestinal disease. This disease is c...

Authors: Kara Robertson, Stephen Couban, Desmond Leddin, Imran Ahmad and Lori Connors

Investigating the effectiveness of the Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seeds in mild asthma: a randomized controlled trial

Asthma is one of the important chronic diseases. The asthma prevalence is increasing in last decades. Despite the presence of good controller drugs like corticosteroids, about 60% of asthmatic patients use alt...

Authors: Majid Emtiazy, Laleh Oveidzadeh, Minoo Habibi, Leila Molaeipour, Daryush Talei, Zahra jafari, Mahmoud Parvin and Mohammad Kamalinejad

Severe, eosinophilic asthma in primary care in Canada: a longitudinal study of the clinical burden and economic impact based on linked electronic medical record data

Stratification of patients with severe asthma by blood eosinophil counts predicts responders to anti-interleukin (IL)-5 (mepolizumab and reslizumab) and anti-IL-5 receptor α (benralizumab) therapies. This stud...

Authors: Don Husereau, Jason Goodfield, Richard Leigh, Richard Borrelli, Michel Cloutier and Alain Gendron

The course of asthma during pregnancy in a recent, multicase–control study on respiratory health

Over the years it has been widely stated that approximately one-third of asthmatic women experience worsening of the disease during pregnancy. However, the literature has not been reviewed systematically and t...

Authors: A. Grosso, F. Locatelli, E. Gini, F. Albicini, C. Tirelli, I. Cerveri and A. G. Corsico

An update on molecular cat allergens: Fel d 1 and what else? Chapter 1: Fel d 1, the major cat allergen

Cats are the major source of indoor inhalant allergens after house dust mites. The global incidence of cat allergies is rising sharply, posing a major public health problem. Ten cat allergens have been identif...

Authors: B. Bonnet, K. Messaoudi, F. Jacomet, E. Michaud, J. L. Fauquert, D. Caillaud and B. Evrard

Critical view of anaphylaxis epidemiology: open questions and new perspectives

In contrast to the majority of allergic or hypersensitivity conditions, worldwide anaphylaxis epidemiological data remain sparse with low accuracy, which hampers comparable morbidity statistics. Data can diffe...

Authors: Luciana Kase Tanno, Ana Luiza Bierrenbach, F. Estelle R. Simons, Victoria Cardona, Bernard Yu-Hor Thong, Nicolas Molinari, Moises A. Calderon, Margitta Worm, Yoon-Seok Chang, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Thomas Casale and Pascal Demoly

Immediate type hypersensitivity and late phase reaction occurred consecutively in a patient receiving ethambutol and levofloxacin

We experienced a rare case of immediate type hypersensitivity and late phase reaction to anti-tubercular therapy consisting of ethambutol and levofloxacin, which occurred in close succession, giving the appear...

Authors: Yukihiko Kato, Yu Sato, Miho Nakasu and Ryoji Tsuboi

Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Annual Scientific Meeting 2017

Authors:

Tuberculosis induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a systematic review to find out common clinical presentations, investigation findings and the treatment options

Tuberculosis induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is a rare entity. The aim of this study was to explore its common presentations, investigation findings and treatment options through a systematic review of p...

Authors: Devarajan Rathish and Sisira Siribaddana

Cytokine profiles among patients co-infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and soil borne helminths attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, in Uganda

Malaria and helminths share the same geographical distribution in tropical Africa. Studies of the interaction of helminth and malaria co-infection in humans have been few and are mainly epidemiological, with l...

Authors: Richard Bwanika, Charles D. Kato, Johnson Welishe and Daniel C. Mwandah

A novel outpatient desensitization protocol for recombinant human erythropoietin allergy in a pediatric patient

Recombinant human erythropoietin, such as epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, is an important therapy for anemia due to chronic renal failure. Allergy to recombinant human erythropoietin and the need for desens...

Authors: Jaime S. Rosa, Van B. Vuong, Orly Haskin and Anne Y. Liu

Clinical implications of CD4⁺ T cell subsets in adult atopic asthma patients

T cells play a central role in chronic inflammation in asthma. However, the roles of individual subsets of T cells in the pathology of asthma in patients remain to be better understood.

Authors: Matthew Wiest, Katherine Upchurch, Wenjie Yin, Jerome Ellis, Yaming Xue, Bobby Lanier, Mark Millard, HyeMee Joo and SangKon Oh

Evaluation of eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis and allergies among the Grade-1 children of Iqaluit

Little is known about the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and allergies among Canadian Inuit children, especially those living in the arctic and subarctic areas.

Authors: Ahmed Ahmed, Amir Hakim and Allan Becker

Seasonal variation in circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cells in mugwort-allergic asthmatics during and outside pollen season

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a newly identified cell population with the potent capability to produce Th2-type cytokines in a non-antigen specific manner. Previous study demonstrated that enhanced...

Authors: Qing Miao, Yan Wang, Yong-ge Liu, Yi-xin Ren, Hui Guan, Zhen Li, Wei Xu and Li Xiang

Atopy and related clinical symptoms among Swiss medical students from 2007 to 2015

Atopic allergy is a widespread disease with increasing prevalence in the second half of the twentieth century and is most often associated with clinical symptoms, like rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma or eczema. Th...

Authors: Lukas Steinegger, Stephan Regenass, Lucas M. Bachmann, Elsbeth Probst and Urs C. Steiner

Self-reported questionnaire survey on the prevalence and symptoms of adverse food reactions in patients with chronic inhalant diseases in Tangshan city, China

The prevalence of adverse food reactions in patients with chronic inhalant diseases has seldom been studied in China. This study is to investigate the prevalence of adverse food reactions and the symptoms caus...

Authors: Guodong Hao, Xuxin Lai, Zhijing Song, Zhixing Wang, Xing-ai Kong, Haifeng Zhong, Sui Fu Hui and Yiwu Zheng

Onset of action for loratadine tablets for the symptomatic control of seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults challenged with ragweed pollen in the Environmental Exposure Unit: a post hoc analysis of total symptom score

Loratadine is a second-generation, non-sedating antihistamine used for the relief of allergic rhinitis symptoms. Previous studies reported that when loratadine was encapsulated, the onset of action for symptom...

Authors: Mark W. Tenn, Lisa M. Steacy, Charlene C. Ng and Anne K. Ellis

CSACI position statement: prescribing sublingual immunotherapy tablets for aeroallergens

Authors: J. Quirt, R. Gagnon, A. K. Ellis and H. L. Kim

Positive correlation of airway resistance and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in bronchial asthma patients lacking evidence for systemic inflammation

Contribution of nitric-oxide (NO) pathway to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (asthma) is ambiguous as NO may confer both protective and detrimental effects depending on the NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, tis...

Authors: Gabor Tajti, Csaba Papp, Laszlo Kardos, Sandor Keki, Krisztian Pak, Magdolna Emma Szilasi, Rudolf Gesztelyi, Angela Mikaczo, Andrea Fodor, Maria Szilasi and Judit Zsuga